
1-lM 



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fUFi'KlCIIT ttLPUSN'. 



GUIDE TO THEydTY OF BALTIMORE, 
BY J! H. "HOLLANDER, A. B. 



JOHNS HOI'KINS UNIVFRSITY. 








1893 

JOHN MURPHY AND COMPANY 

BALTIMORE 



Copyright, 1893, by t ohn Murphy & Co. 






CONTENTS. 



Pagk. 

I. — The Visitor in Baltimore, 7 

II. — Situation and Arrangement, 17 

III. — The History of the City, ----- 23 

IV. — Municipal Institutions, - 28 

V. — Courts and Penal Institutions, - - - - 36 

V 1.— Post-office and Custom House,- 42 

VII. — Trade and Commerce, ---._. 43 

VIII. — Manufactures and Industries, - 57 

IX. — Educational Institutions, - - - - - 60 

X. — Art and Science, §9 

-XI. — Charitable and Humane Institutions, - 106 

XII.— Churches and Religious Organizations, - - 118 

XIII. — Clubs and Societies, 131 

XIV.— Parks and Squares, ----_. 147 

XV. — Monuments and Architecture, - 154 

XVI. — Markets and Wharves, - 168 

XVII. — Military Defenses and Militia, - 174 

XVIII. — Objects of Historic Interest, - 181 

Appendix, - , Igg 

3 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Opposite 
Page 



Washington Monument and its Environment,- - -14 



28 
44 

70 



The City Hall, - 

The Post-office, - - 

Johns Hopkins University— Administration Building, 

Johns Hopkins University— Plat of Buildings, - 74 

Johns Hopkins University— Physical Laboratory, - 76 

The Woman's College, - - 80 

St. Mary's Seminary, - - 

Enoch Pratt Library, - " 104 

Johns Hopkins Hospital— General View, - 108 

Johns Hopkins Hospital— Plat of Buildings, - - - HO 

120 
The Cathedral, - 

Emanuel P. E. Church, " 122 

1 oo 

The Maryland Club, - AOw 

Views in Mt. Vernon Place, - - 152 

The Battle Monument, - - 

5 









PREFATORY NOTE. 



In the preparation of the following pages, much assistance 
has been derived from personal interviews, from descriptive 
articles in the local press, ana from statements by the heads 
of many of the institutions described. The character of the 
work has throughout prevented that acknowledgment of 
indebtedness which is here gratefully made. 



I. 

THE VISITOR IN BALTIMORE. 



ARRIVAL. — The scene of the visitor's introduction 
to Baltimore will probably be Union Station, on 
North Charles street, or Camden Station, on Camden 
near Howard streets. These are respectively the local 
terminals of the Pennsylvania Railroad and of the Balti- 
more and Ohio Railroad. Into Union Station run also 
the trains of the Northern Central, the Philadelphia, 
Wilmington and Baltimore, the Baltimore and Potomac, 
and the Western Maryland Railroads. The Western 
Maryland has its main depot on Hillen street, and inner 
stations on Pennsylvania and on Fulton avenues. The 
station of the Baltimore and Lehigh Railroad, a narrow- 
guage road coming from Long Green, Belair, and York, 
Pa., is on North avenue. The Northern Central has an 
independent station on Calvert street. 

The city is also reached from the towns of the Eastern 
Shore of Maryland and from Philadelphia, Boston and 
Savannah by numerous steamboat lines, whose wharves 
line Light street and the adjacent water-front. The docks 
of the European steamers are on Locust Point, which is 
connected by ferry with the foot of Broadway. 

7 



8 Guide to the Oity of Baltimore. 

CONVEYANCES. — The street car system of Balti- 
more has by recent development become one of the best 
equipped and most extensive in the country, affording 
quick and easy access to every section of the city. A 
uniform fare of five cents for adult persons and three 
cents for children prevails. A full schedule of routes 
is found in the Appendix, but a polite inquiry from the 
first policeman encountered will always secure the quick- 
est and best route. 

Hansom cabs, coupes and carriages meet all important 
trains at the depots and wait at appointed stands in 
various sections of the city. They can be readily sum- 
moned from the central office by a telephone call from 
the nearest drug store. The tariff of rates is regulated 
by the Board of Police Commissioners, and will be found 
in the Appendix. It is ordinarily posted inside the con- 
veyance. The safer plan is to make terms before engaging 
the vehicle. In case of disagreement, apply to a police- 
man, or, if none is in reach, ask to be driven to the 
nearest police station. If cabby is in the wrong, this will 
ordinarily bring him to terms. 

HOTELS. — Hotejl Rennert, corner of Saratoga and 
Liberty streets, is a large and finely appointed house, in 
the centre of the city. A few squares above is the St. 
James, corner of Charles and Centre streets, well kept 
and within a stone's throw of the Peabody Institute, 
Johns Hopkins University and Walters' Art Gallery. 
Near-by is the Mount Vernon, on Monument street, 
within a few steps of Mt. Vernon Place. The Ai/ta- 
mont is the newest of the large hotels, and is located on 
Eutaw Place and Lanvale street. All of the above are 



The Visitor in Baltimore. 9 

conducted on the European plan. On the American 
plan are the Carrollton, corner of German and Light 
streets, with its historic associations and well earned repu- 
tation ; the Albion, finely located on Read and Cathe- 
dral streets; the Eutaw House, corner of Baltimore and 
Eutaw streets ; the Howard House, on Howard above 
Baltimore streets, and the Maltby House, on Pratt 
near Light streets. The Imperial Hotel is a new and 
well equipped house on Monument Square, conducted on 
both American and European plans. The Shirley, on 
Madison street and Park avenue ; the Brexton, on Park 
avenue near Biddle street ; the Langham, corner Charles 
and Centre streets, and the Avon, 609 North Calvert 
street, are pleasant family hotels. 

Boarding and lodging can be secured in private dwell- 
ings at moderate rates in almost every section of the 
city. The most convenient way is to consult the adver- 
tisement columns of a morning newspaper. A directory 
of eligible houses is kept at the rooms of both the Young 
Men's Christian Association, corner Charles and Saratoga 
streets, and the Young Women's Christian Association, 
corner Liberty and Barnet streets. A list of homes 
adapted to the needs of students can be consulted in the 
Registrar's office of the Johns Hopkins University. 

RESTAURANTS. — Rennert's, corner Saratoga and 
Liberty streets ; the Woman's Industrial Exchange, 
corner Charles and Pleasant streets ; St. James, corner 
of Charles and Centre streets ; Ditch's, corner North 
avenue and Charles street, and Marshall's, corner of 
Calvert and German streets, are for both ladies and 
gentlemen. For gentlemen, in addition to the above, 



10 



Guide to the Cih of Baltimore 



:uv:i;kiin House, Pratt near Charles streets ; Muixtn's, 
Liberty above Baltimore streets, and Keiay's, North 
Eutaw near Baltimore streets. 

Lunch rooms and coffee houses, where dairy lunches 
and light refreshments ran be obtained, are found in num- 
bers on Baltimore street, 

PLACES OF ami si:>ii vr. -The Lyceum, on 
North Charles street, is a finely appointed theatre with 
strong attractions, The Alcademi of Music, with its 
well -selected bill and moderate scale of prices, is a favorite 
resort. Ford's Opera House, on Payette near Eutaw 
streets, is under the management of John l\ Ford, whose 
experience runs far baok into the history ol the American 
Hoixidat Street Theatre, opposite the City 
Hall, provides for the varied tastes of the eastern section 
oftheoity. Hie Monumental, on East Baltimore street, 
immediately beyond the Falls, is devoted to the variety 
and vaudeville sia^v, and the A.uditorium, on North 
Howard street, to the melodrama, From an historical 
standpoint, the most interesting oi Baltimore s theatres is 
the Front Street, no\> devoted to tragedy of the blood 
ami thunder type, 

During the winter season, the Peabody Institute has a 
regular course of concerts and recitals and oi semi-weekly 
lectures. Other amusements ami entertainments are pro- 
vided from time to time, ana can readily ho Pound upon 
reference to the newspaper columns. Heading-rooms 
accessible to the visitor upon request are i tin 1 Peabooi 
hsnii n, the I.noi u Pratt Frkk IjIkkary, on 
Mulberry near Cathedral snoots; the Nrw HIsrcantiu 
Library, on Charles near Saratoga streets; the Mart- 



The Visitor in Baltimore 



II 



i vm> Historical Society, Saratoga and St, Paul 
streets; Voim; Men's Christian Association! oorner 
Charles and Saratoga streets; and the Maryland 
Institute Libraryi on Baltimore and Harrison Btreets. 

Both the Peabody [nstitute and the Maryland contain 
art collections, open to the public'. During Lent, Mr. 
William T, Walters throws open his matohless An Gal- 
leries, a nominal admission fee being charged For the 
benefit of the Poor Association. Paintings, etchings and 
articles of vertn in general can beseenat the rooms oi the 
Decorative Art Society, 315 North Charles street ; 
at Bend Ann's, LOG East Baltimore street, and a1 [Myers 
am> Hedian, -l I North Charles street. 

\ WEEK'S VISIT ITINERARY. -Itisdifficult 
to prescribe one general plan of sight seeing where so 
much is dependent upon the individual tastes and leisure 
of the visitor, The following schedule is, however, sug- 
gested as embracing the points of chiei interest, accessi- 
ble in tlu* course of a limited sojourn. Each excursion 
is designed to occupy an entire day, and can be varied as 
inclination or necessity may dictate. Washington Mon- 
ument is the common starting point of the excursions. 

First Day*- A tour of the oity, Study the map of 
thecitj carefully and secure a general view oi itsarrange- 
ment, suburbs and harbor from some commanding 
point, such as the top of Hotel Rennert, tlu> Aitamont, 
or Washington Monument. Starting out Prom the Last 
named point, walk out Mi. Vernon Place and Monu- 
ment street to Eutaw street. Take the Madison avenue 
cable car here and ride out to North avenue. Walk 
over to Eutaw Place ami down through the squares to 



12 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

Dolphin street. Return as far as McMeehen street and 
turn eastward to Charles street. Take the Blue Line car 
and ride south to Calvert and Lexington streets. See 
Battle Monument, and visit Court Buildings, Post-office, 
Equitable Building, Law Building and City Hall. Go 
down North street to Baltimore, thence walk west to 
Eutaw and to starting point. 

In the afternoon visit the shopping and retail centre of 
the city. Start out as before; but proceed down Charles 
street to Lexington, then slowly westward with the busy 
stream of shoppers to Eutaw street. Turn down a square 
to Fayette street, then further westward for two squares 
to Westminster Church, where lie the remains of Edgar 
Allen Poe. Turn up to Lexington street, and, particu- 
larly if on Saturday afternoon, walk eastward through 
Lexington Market to Eutaw street, then north to Monu- 
ment street and starting point. 

Second Day. — Visit the Peabody Institute, — library 
and art collection. Walk over to the Johns Hopkins Uni- 
versity and visit the administration building, library build- 
ing, chemical laboratory, biological laboratory, Levering 
Hall, gymnasium and physical laboratory in the order 
named. A guide will be provided upon application at 
the registrar's office. Continue down Howard to Mul- 
berry streets, then to the Enoch Pratt Free Library. 
Visit the Cathedral immediately beyond. At the corner 
of Charles and Saratoga streets is the Y. M. C. A. build- 
ing, and a few steps below is the Maryland Historical 
Society, with its interesting collections and galleries. In 
the afternoon take the Maryland avenue or Charles street 
cars, and visit the buildings of the Woman's College. 



> 

— 
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— 







The Visitor in Baltimore. 13 

Third Day.— Walk across to Eutaw street and take 
the Madison avenue cable car to Druid Hill Park. Ride 
to the Mansion House in a phaeton. Stroll about the park, 
visiting the Maryland House, the zoological collection, sea 
lions, boat lake, dromedaries, ending up at the Druid Hill 
avenue entrance. Walk down a square to the Traction 
power-house. Take the Gilmor street cable car and ride 
through the city to Patterson Park. Harlem Park, 
Franklin Square and the City Springs are passed on 
the way. In the afternoon take the Aisquith or Centre 
street cars to the Johns Hopkins. Hospital. The institu- 
tion is regularly open to visitors on Wednesday afternoon 

from 3 to 5. 

Fourth Day.— Walk down Charles street to Pratt, 
thence east to Light. Stroll along the wharves to Marsh 
Market Space. Return here to Baltimore street and take 
the Broadway cable car. Ride to the terminus and visit 
some of the large industries, canning factories, fruit ex- 
changes, stove foundries, dry docks, pottery works in the 
neighborhood. Take the ferry at the foot of Broadway 
and cross the harbor to Locust Point. Here are the tide- 
water terminals and grain elevators of the B. & O. Rail- 
road. Visit the emigrant offices, the foreign steamers 
near-by, and the Columbian Iron Works. In the after- 
noon, if possible, visit Walters' Art Gallery. 1 Should 
this be closed, take the alternate of the following day's 
afternoon excursion. 

1 The Gallery is usually open to the public, at a nominal fee, every 
Wednesday in February and March, and Wednesdays and Saturdays 
in April; also on February 22 and Easter Monday. Admission fee 
fifty cents. 



1 I Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

Fifth Day. — Visit the extensive plant of the Penn- 
sylvania Steel Co. at Sparrow's Point. Trains leave the 
Northern Central Railroad Station on Calvert street every 
half hour. In the afternoon take the Calvert street car 
and ride south to Montgomery street. Visit Federal Mill 
with its fine view of the harbor and shipping. He-enter 
the car and continue south to Ferry Bar, a favorite 1 water 
resort of the city. Take the electric ear here for Curtis 
Bay, a growing industrial suburb, with sugar refinery, 
and extensive iron and machine works. 

Sixth Day. — Exchange from the Traction cable oar, at 
the corner of Paca and Fayette streets, to the line running 
south, and ride to the very gate of Fort McHenry. Here 
a very delightful morning can be spent. In the afternoon, 
if the season is favorable, take one of the many excur- 
sion steamers on Light street for a trip down the bay. 
Otherwise the morning's excursion can be so arranged 
as to take a noon train for Annapolis, the State's 
capital, where visits may be made to the U. S. Naval 
Academy, the State House, the Governor's Mansion 
and sonic of the finest specimens of colonial architec- 
ture in the country, as the Chase, Scott, Harwood, 
Ririout and Brice houses. 

Seventh Day. — Take the electric car at the Druid 
Hill Park terminus of the Traction cable line and ride 
to Pikesville, a suburb of the city. Visit the old Arsenal, 
now used as a Confederate Soldiers' Home. If preferred, 
take a Northern Central train at Calvert Station for Wood- 
berry, a little town bust lino- with industrial activity, of 
which a bird's-eye view can be obtained from Prospect 
Hill in Druid Hill Park. A train may also be taken at 



The Visitor in Baltimore. 15 

the Baltimore and Lehigh Station on North avenue for pic- 
turesque Loch Raven, whence the city draws a part of its 
water supply. The afternoon can be enjoyably spent in 
a suburban drive. Ride out Eutaw Place to Druid Hill 
Park, about the Park, thence out Roland avenue or Green 
Spring avenue to Lake Roland, to Charles street avenue, 
returning by the Park and Mount Royal avenue. 

Innumerable other places of interest, many of which 
will be hereafter described in some detail, might be added. 
Of especial interest are the McDonogh School, the Wilson 
Sanitarium, the machine and car shops of the B. & O. 
Railroad at Mount Clare, St. Mary's Seminary, the Shep- 
pard Asylum, Maryland Penitentiary, Greenmount Ceme- 
tery, and the Manual Training School. Some of these 
are at all times open for public inspection. Others have 
special occasions designated for the reception of visitors, 
to which, if at all possible, it is desirable to conform. 
Where such is however not the case, a courteous request 
made at headquarters will ordinarily secure access for 
the appreciative visitor. 

u * * * * 
In these blessed bounds of Baltimore, — 

Here, where the climates meet 

* * * * * * * 

Where Florida's soft Favonian airs beguile 

The nipping North, — where nature's powers smile, — 

Where Chesapeake holds frankly forth her hands 

Spread wide with invitation to all lands, — 

Where now the eager people yearn to find 

The organizing hand that fast may bind 



16 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

Loose straws of aimless aspiration fain 

In sheaves of serviceable grain, — 
Here, old and new in one, 

Through nobler cycles round a richer sun 
O'er-rule our modern ways, 

O blest Minerva of these larger days ! " 

Sidney Lanier — Ode to the Johns Hopkins University, 



II. 

SITUATION AND ARRANGEMENT. 



SITUATION — Baltimore, the metropolis of Mary- 
land, and the seventh city in point of population in the 
United States, is situated on the Patapsco River at the head 
of tide water and navigation, about 14 miles from Chesa- 
peake Bay. Its precise location is, Latitude: 39° 17', 
North ; Longitude : 76° 37' (West from Greenwich). It 
is 204 miles distant, by ship channel, from the Atlantic, 
39 miles from Washington, 97 miles from Philadelphia, 
184 miles from New York, and 420 miles from Boston. 
The city extends about 4J miles from East to West, and 
3 J miles from North to South, covering an area of 31 J 
square miles or about 20,160 acres. 

POPULATION.— The eleventh census of the United 
States gives the total population of Baltimore City as 
434,439 persons. Of this number 206,114 are males, 
and 228,325 are females. 365,436 are native born and 
69,003 are foreign born. The total number of whites is 
367, 1 43, and of colored 67,296. Of the whites, 298,567 
are native born; 68,576 are foreign. 186,625 of the 
native whites have native parents and 111,942 have 
foreign parents. 248,342 persons are twenty-one years 
of age and over, of which number 116,658 are males and 
131,684 are females. 

2 17 



18 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

The police census of 1890 gave a total population of 
455,427, of which 384,394 were white and 77,033 were 
colored. 

TOPOGRAPHY.— The city of Baltimore owes the 
characteristic features of its surrounding to the fact that 
it is situated — in common with other great centers of the 
Atlantic border, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, 
and Richmond — at the junction of the plateau of old 
crystalline rocks and the overlying beds of younger and 
still unconsolidated formations which stretch out toward 
the east, as the Coastal plain. This line marks the head 
of tide- water navigation and the beginning of water 
power, and has therefore been instrumental in fixing the 
seats of large settlements. The crystalline plateau slopes 
gently from the crest of Parr's Ridge in Maryland (800 ft.) 
toward the Chesapeake. The surface of this plateau is 
quite even with a mild southeast inclination, but its 
character is disguised by its being dissected by the narrow 
channels of numerous streams. These tend to give it a 
broken and rolling appearance, the real significance of 
which is not at first glance apparent. 

The immediate vicinity of Baltimore, and even the 
Cxty itself, is well calculated to illustrate this topographic 
character. The hills are composed within the city of the 
younger sands and gravels which are cut through by such 
streams, as Herring's Run, Jones' and Gwynn's Falls, 
and the Patapsco River which expose the underlying 
crystalline rocks. To the north and west of the city, the 
overlying capping rapidly thins out and disappears, while 
to the south and east it thickens and entirely conceals the 
old floor upon which it rests. 



Situation and Arrangement. 19 

GEOLOGY. — The geology of the environs of Balti- 
more is of unusual variety and interest. Within the 
limits of the State of Maryland are found representatives 
of all the more important epochs of the earth's history. 
The oldest strata occur in and near the city in the form 
of highly crystalline rocks (gneiss, marble, quartzite, etc.) 
which are entirely devoid of organic remains. They have 
been intersected in very ancient times by many kinds of 
igneous rocks. Toward the west the rocks become less 
crystalline, and near Frederick the first fossils make their 
appearance. These are of an archaic type (Silurian) and 
beyond nearly the entire sequence of palaeozoic strata, all 
rich in fossils, is developed in the Appalachians. The 
next geological period (the Trias or beginning of the 
Mesozoic epoch) is represented in the red sandstone of 
the Frederick valley, while all succeeding ages have 
left their record in the accumulations of sand, clay 
and gravel, which stretch eastward from Baltimore, 
surrounding the Chesapeake and forming the "Eastern 
Shore." 

Baltimore itself is situated just at the inner edge of 
these later deposits, where they begin to lap over and 
conceal the ancient crystalline rocks. This boundary is J 
very irregular because the covering is so thin that the 
streams cut through it and reveal the hard rocks in their 
beds. Short excursions may be made from the city in the 
course of which a variety of geology may be seen. The 
old gneisses are admirably displayed in the quarries on 
Jones' Falls opposite Druid Hill Park. The eruptive 
rocks may be seen on the Western Maryland Railroad 
jron the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in the Patapsco 



20 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

Valley. The younger Jura-cretaceous clays are exposed 
on all the lines from Baltimore to Washington. 1 

METEOROLOGY. — The climate of Baltimore is 
temperate and bracing, removed alike from the bitter 
cold and enervating heat of more extreme latitudes. 
The mean temperature for 1891 was 55.5 degrees, 1.1 
degree lower than that of 1890. The highest tempera- 
ture, 94.0 degrees, occurred August 11th; lowest, 16.0 
degrees on March 2nd, being the range of 78.0 degrees. 
Rain or snow fell upon 143 days to the amount of 54.21 
inches. During the preceding year 46.96 inches fell. 
The greatest atmospheric pressure, 30.63 inches, occurred 
on November 19th ; the least 29.07 inches, on January 
11th, being a range of 1.56 inches. The mean was 29.90. 
The mean relative humidity was 72.0 per cent. 

GENERAL DESCRIPTION.— The city is roughly 
divided into two nearly equal parts by a small stream, 
Jones' Falls, which rises twenty miles to the north and 
flows entirely through the city. It is crossed by elegantly 
built bridges and is confined by massive granite walls. 
That part of the city north-east of the stream is known 
as Old Town and practically represents the original cor- 
porate limits. FelPs Point and Canton are respectively 
the south and south-east ends of this section, and find 
their activity in the wharves, factories and canneries that 
line the water's edge. The south-western section pre- 

1 Those desiring further information relative to the Geology of 
Baltimore and Maryland, will find it in a paper by Prof. G. H. 
Williams, in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. 
2, 1890 ; or in the hand-book prepared for the American Institute of 
Mining Engineers, February, 1892. 



Situation and Arrangement. 21 

sents the darker aspect of the city's life, and is chiefly 
occupied by foreigners. Continuing northward, one 
meets Gay street, a bustling active thoroughfare lined 
with retail stores of all kinds that minister to the varied 
wants of a large part of this district. Further to the 
north, east, and north-east, stretches square after square 
of neat, comfortable brick dwellings, occupied and in 
many cases owned by artisans and bread-winners of 
even moderate means, a characteristic that has justly 
given Baltimore rank as pre-eminently, "a city of 
homes." 

Taking up the section west of the Falls, Locust Point 
is first to be noted — an irregular strip extending to the 
south-east, with innumerable wharves, railroad terminals, 
and grain elevators, tipped at the very extremity by Fort 
McHenry. The south-western corner is Spring Garden 
and here again the social picture shades off into darker 
tints. Beginning at the water's edge on Pratt street, 
which forms the extreme northern limit of the Harbor, 
is the wholesale business section with its massive ware- 
houses and concentrated mercantile life. A little beyond 
is Baltimore street, the chief latitudinal thoroughfare. 
Further on, and widening out a little to the west are 
situated the great retail establishments and shopping 
thoroughfares, while beyond and extending half way to 
the northern limits are found the fashionable dwelling 
sections and promenades of the city. The great body of 
citizens, from which Baltimore draws its strength and 
prosperity, occupies the north-western and northern sec- 
tions, with the same outer border of cheerful, comfortable 
dwellings. Houses are numbered on the decimal plan, 



22 Guide to the (My of Pxtltimore. 

running north and south from Baltimore street and cast 
and wesl from Charles street. 

STATISTICAL. — The municipal indebtedness of 
Baltimore is $3 t,807,750.95, or $76.42 per capita. The 
total assessed valuation of property is $280,000,000, or 
$615 per eapita. The tax levy for 1892 was $1.55 per 
$100. 



III. 

THE HISTORY OF THE CITY. 



The historic beginnings of Baltimore lack the tradi- 
tional haze of obscurity associated with the foundation of 
great cities. The proprietary government of Maryland 
emerged from the era of troublous times, and entered 
upon the path of future growth and development towards 
the close of the first quarter of the eighteenth century. 
Commerce expanded, population increased and settlements 
rapidly extended to the northward. It was not long 
before the need of a port near the head of the Chesapeake 
Bay began to be felt, and attention to be directed to a 
remarkable site on the north side of the Patapsco River, 
offering easy access and safe harbor to vessels of large 
size, at a distance of but fourteen miles from the waters 
of the Bay. On the 14th of July, 1729, a petition signed 
by the leading men of Baltimore County was presented 
in the Provincial Assembly, praying for the erection of 
a town at this point. Three weeks later, a bill to the 
same effect was passed and the history of Baltimore City 
had begun. 

The early life of the settlement was an unequal race 
for supremacy in trade with older towns of the prov- 
ince — Joppa, the county seat, Elkridge Landing, and 
Annapolis. 

23 



24 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

A rough sketch, still extant, of Baltimore as it was in 
1752, shows a scattered settlement of twenty-seven struct- 
ures, one of which is a church, two are taverns and four 
built of brick exported from England. The entire popu- 
lation of the town numbered 200 persons, including 
slaves and servants. But it is pre-eminently in the 
struggle for commercial existence that the fittest survives, 
and Baltimore with a magnificent harbor, numerous mill 
streams and rich iron deposits, soon forged ahead of the 
river points with their rude landings and less opportunity 
for developing and being developed by the Bay trade. 
The issue of the contest was foregone. It reached its 
culmination in 1768 when the privileges and dignities of 
County Town — a court house and a prison, were trans- 
ferred from Joppa to Baltimore. During the next dozen 
years, Baltimore steadily increased in size and activity. 
Little as the policy of the Proprietary was designed to 
aid development, the area of the town expanded, enor- 
mously. Population increased from 200 in 1752 to 
6,755 in 1775, and commercial growth was hardly less 
striking. 

The history of Baltimore immediately preceding and 
during the Revolutionary War forms a familiar chapter 
in our national history. As early as May, 1769, the city 
entered into "the non-importation agreement." The in- 
telligence of the closure of the Boston Port provoked 
warm resolutions of sympathy and support, and even 
steps towards military defence. From Baltimore largely 
came the zeal and energy with which Maryland entered 
into the War of Independence, and which has made the 
valor of the Maryland Line immortal. During tta 



The History of the City. 25 

entire course of conflict the same unflinching patriotism 
and burning enthusiasm never faltered. 

The events of the War interrupted foreign commerce 
and cut off all continental supplies ; but it stimulated 
local manufactures and shipping, and indirectly prepared 
the way for a period of remarkable commercial activity 
and prosperity, that followed the final suspension of 
hostilities in 1783. Continental wars and colonial revo- 
lutions increased the European demand for American 
staples. Export trade in the products of Maryland, 
tobacco, flour, wheat and corn, was diverted from the 
hands of British and Dutch agents and concentrated in 
Baltimore. Local merchants soon began to engage in 
carrying trade, and "Baltimore clippers" became famous 
throughout the world. For many years these "skimmers 
of the sea," able to sail within four and a half points of 
the wind, were the fleetest craft upon the seas. More 
than any other single cause, they contributed to the early 
commercial development of Baltimore. 

The growth of Baltimore, from the close of the War 
up to 1820, when its population numbered 62,738, as 
against 46,555 in 1810, and about 13,000 in 1790, was 
chronicled by Jared Sparks as " unequalled in the history 
of cities." Daring blockade-running and indirect ship- 
ments enabled her merchants to retain possession of a 
large portion of foreign commerce even during the War 
of 1812. The city was attacked by land and water, but 
in each case successfully defended. During the latter 
assault, a patriotic Marylander, while detained on board 
a British vessel, composed our national anthem, " The 
Star Spangled Banner." 



26 Guide to the OUy of Baltimore. 

The events of the next half century concern only 
the annalist. Steady growth and development, inter- 
rupted by the great events in our national life sum- 
marize them. 

Baltimore suffered keenly from the progress of the 
Civil War. Maryland was a border State and not only 
experienced the evils of an exposed frontier throughout, 
but became the actual scene of conflict during the Con- 
federate invasion of 1863. A mob attack upon a Massa- 
chusetts regiment in its passage through the city on April 
l!>, 1861, inflamed the country, and led to the occupa- 
tion of the city and vicinity by the National Government. 
Commerce with the South was completely cut off and 
Western trade paralyzed. 

But if the earlier story of Baltimore is familiar, 
certainly the events in its more recent history need no 
recital. The city which the four years of strife left listless 
and despondent has grown, first by slow steady growth, 
then by mighty bounds, into a great centre, whose present 
prosperity is but an earnest of its future development. 
What the causes of this are it is not difficult to see. 
Geographical position and railroad connection give it 
special advantages as an outlet for Southern and Western 
products. Interior situation makes it a favorable port 
of entry for foreign imports. Cheap living, low rents, 
skilled labor, exemption of plants from taxation, invite 
manufacturing industries of all kinds, while 1 the adjacent 
coal fields, iron beds, marble quarries of the state, the 
inexhaustible riches of the Chesapeake unfold a vista (A' 
wealth ami prosperity, before which even sober historical 
thought is tempted to become prophetic. 



The History of the City. 27 

Aside from material inducements, Baltimore is pre- 
eminently a pleasant place to live in. Not only is its 
climate temperate and invigorating, but the peculiar 
topographical arrangement of the region facilitates natural 
drainage and renders the city as healthful as picturesque. 
Municipal improvements have kepi pace with advancing 
civilization. .Just as Baltimore was the first city in the 
United States to be illuminated by gas, the first to aid 
the construction of a railroad, and the first to be connected 
with the outside world by electric telegraph, so now its 
water supply is unequalled in magnitude and purity, its 
parks and squares tar-famed for natural beauty, and its 
police and fire departments of rare completeness and 
efficiency. Much has been written of the warmth of 
Baltimore social life. The elements that constitute it 
evade analysis; but there is everywhere felt a character- 
istic spirit of heartiness and fellowship, that raises Mary- 
land hospitality to the same pre-eminence as the beauty 
of its women and the excellence of its bay products. 



IV. 

MUNICIPAL INSTITUTIONS. 



GOVERNMENT. — The municipal government of 

Baltimore is vested in a mayor, elected biennially, and 
a city council of two branches, chosen from the twenty- 
two wards into which the city is divided, and possessing 
the usual authority of municipal corporations. The first 
branch consists of twenty-two members, one from each 
ward, chosen annually ; the second, of eleven members, 
one from every two wards, elected biennially. The 
mayor possesses a veto power, to override which a three- 
fourths vote of the council is necessary. The important 
departments of the city government are : a Tax Depart- 
ment, under a City Collector, appointed biennially, 
together with an Appeal Tax Court, consisting of three 
judges and subordinates, to assess property unreturned, 
and to make alterations in assessments on appeal or as 
they may deem proper ; a Register's Office, in charge of 
the moneys and securities of the corporation ; and a 
Comptroller's Office, performing the usual duties of such 
a department. The public debt of the city, its invest- 
ments and finances in general, are in the care of a 
Department of Finance, consisting of the mayor and two 
citizens, appointed by him and serving without salary. 
A Law Department, consisting of a City Counselor, a 
28 



Municipal Institutions. 29 

City Solicitor, an Examiner of Titles and a City 
Attorney, have charge of all municipal litigation, and 
act as a bureau of legal advice. The paving of streets, 
the repair and construction of sewers is in the hands of a 
City Commissioner with assistants, appointed by the 
mayor and confirmed by the city council. The titles, 
Inspector of Public Buildings, Commissioners for Open- 
ing Streets, Commissioners of Street Cleaning, Harbor 
Board, Park Commission, Water Department, School 
Board, and Board of Fire Commissioners, sufficiently 
indicate the scope of other departments of municipal 
service. 

CITY HALL. — The various departments and bureaus 
of the municipal government are gathered together in 
the City Hall, a beautiful and imposing structure of 
white marble, located in the central section of the city. 
It is a striking specimen of Renaissance architecture, and 
occupies the entire block bounded by Holliday, North, 
Fayette and Lexington streets, covering an area of 30,552 
square feet. The edifice w r as constructed by a series of 
municipal ordinances, the first of which was passed in 
May, 1866, and all of which were ratified by popular 
vote. It was completed in October, 1875, at a total cost 
of $2,375,400.41. 

The general arrangement of the building consists of a 
centre structure four stories high, and two connected 
lateral wings three stories high, the centre finishing with 
pediments, the others with mansard roofs. The different 
fronts are well broken and relieved, yet the general 
character of the work is strong and well defined. The 
centre structure is surmounted by a lofty iron dome, 



30 



Qmde to the (My of Baltimore. 



resting upon :i graceful marble base. The total distance 
of the dome from the ground is 227 feet. A>bove the 
projecting balcony, from which an admirable view of the 
city is afforded, haugs t ho town bell, " Big Sam," weigh- 
ing 5,000 pounds, ami striking the hours and fire alarms 
by elect rical connection. 

The building contains L02 rooms, well lighted and 
ventilated, and accommodates all the departments of city 
government. In the basement are located the Water 
Department, Enspector of Buildings, Board of Police, 
Board of Health, City Commissioners, Superintendent oi' 
Lamps and Lighting, Tort Warden and Fire Depart- 
ment. The first floor proper contains the offices of the 
Mayor, City Register, Citv Comptroller, City Counselor, 
Commissioner of Parks, Harbor Board, Superintendent 
of Public Schools, Finance Board and Tax Department. 
Along the entire Lexington street front runs a Large 
reception room, used upon important municipal and 
State occasions. On the second floor are situated the 
City Library, with its several thousand volumes of 
municipal and public documents, the chambers of the 
two Branches of the City Council, which are richly 
furnished in hard wood, together with various Com- 
mittee Rooms. In the mansard rooms are stored the 
municipal archives of a century. 

The building may be entered from any side. The 
main approach is, however, on Holliday street, and con- 
sists of a striking portico, with classic columns and 
capitals, surmounted by a spacious balcony, 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. — Trior to 1858, numerous 
volunteer fire and hose companies provided protection 



Municipal Institutions. 31 

againsl conflagrations. The well-known <\ ils of the 
system led to its abolition in the latter part of that year, 
and the establishment instead of a paid department. As 
now organized, the Baltimore Fire Department is under 
the control of a Board of Fire Commissioners, consisting 
of three citizens, with the mayor as a member ex officio. 
This Board is vested with power ample enough to main- 
lain the efficiency of the deparl ment. 

The working (nice of the department is divided into 
two groups. The one eonsisls of men always on duty; 
the other of I hose who, while required to be al the engine 
house during the night, are permitted to pursue other 
occupations during the day, when their services are no1 
here required. If a fireman loses his life while on duty, 
his family receive the sum of $500 from the city, together 
with an insurance of $500, effected and maintained by 
the Board of ( Jommissioners. 

The equipment of the department eonsisls of L5 engine 
companies, I fire boat, 9 hook and ladder companies, and 
7 chemical engine companies. The force employed com- 
prises 233 permanent members and 51 call members. 

A visit may at any time be made to one of the numer- 
ous engine houses of the city, where those in charge are 
always willing to show (he " machine" and its appendages 
(o appreciative persons. Should the visitor be fortunate 
enough to he presenl when an alarm of fire is received, 
(he experience is thrilling enough to make up for the 
scant courtesy received in the midst of the attendant rush 
and excitement. 

The Salva<;j': Corps of Baltimore has no direel con- 
ncetion with the regular Fire Department, but actively 



32 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

cooperates with it, and forms an important agency in fire 
protection. It is sustained by the local board of under- 
writers, and is equipped with special appliances for the 
rescue and subsequent protection of endangered property. 

POLICE DEPARTMENT.— The present police sys- 
tem of the city dates from I860, when, by an act of the 
State Legislature, the force was removed from the control 
of the municipal officials and vested in a Board of Police 
Commissioners, consisting of "three sober and discreet 
persons, who shall have been residents of the city of Bal- 
timore for five consecutive years next preceding the day 
of their election.' 7 They are appointed by the State 
Legislature, one at each biennial session, for a term of six 
years, and possess greater powers than any other muni- 
cipal board. They give bond in the penalty of $10,000 
each, and receive a salary of S3, 500 per annum. They 
maintain order in all elections, and exercise final control 
over all matters relating to the protection of the property 
and persons of citizens. To the judicious and conscien- 
tious exercise of this almost unqualified power, the present 
high character and efficiency of the force is due. More, 
perhaps, than in any other large city in the United States 
are Baltimore policemen men of courtesy, courage and 
sobriety. The visitor finds nothing more striking than 
the entire absence of that disgusting insolence which 
actual experience, hardly less than familiar tradition, 
associates with the pseudo-guardians of so many of our 
large cities. 

The force proper consists of a Marshal, a Deputy Mar- 
shal, 8 Captains, 16 Lieutenants, 10 Detectives, 84 Ser- 
geants and 640 Patrolmen. These are distributed amoug 



Municipal Institutions. 33 

the seven districts into which the city is divided for con- 
stabulary purposes. Each district has its own Station 
1 Inline, a strong building of brick with stone trimmings, 
from which squads arc marched and to which arrests are 
brought. These buildings are each under the charge of 
a captain, and arc at all times open to visitors. An im- 
portant auxiliary to the Police Department is the Police 
Alarm and Patrol System, consisting of a series of patrol 
wagons and of 232 electric telephone and call boxes, dis- 
tributed in the seven police districts and connected with 
a central station outfit at each of the respective station 
houses. The effect of this system is to keep the men on 
the posts in close communication with the officer in com- 
mand at the station house ; to relieve them within a few 
minutes by the use of the wagon of any prisoner or 
prisoners under arrest, and to insure the prompt trans- 
mission of all necessary information to the various station 
houses. The outlying and sparsely sections of the city 
are patroled by a mounted force. The harbor is pro- 
tected by a steam police Patrol Boat. 

WATER SUPPLY.— The sources of supply are 
among the largest and finest in the country. The water is 
of the purest quality, and calculated to be sufficient for 
a population of over a million. It is derived from two 
sources, the Gunpowder River and Jones' Falls. There 
are six reservoirs in the system, and over 200 miles of 
pipes run beneath the streets of the city, supplying about 
50,000 houses, 1,000 hydrants, and 15,000 baths and 
special needs. The total cost of the two systems was 
about $10,000,000, and their daily capacity is about 165 
millions of gallons. To this must be added the sum 
3 



34 Guide to the C% of Baltimore. 

total of all the reservoirs and aqueducts of the system, or 
more than 3 billions of gallons additional. 

The Gunpowder system centres about Loch Raven, a 
lake into which the streams of the river empty, about 4| 
miles in length, and from one hundred feet to eight 
hundred feet in width, and about 7 miles distant from 
Baltimore. A conduit tunnel, with an internal diameter 
of twelve feet and a fall of one foot to the mile, and ex- 
tending for half its course through hard rook requiring 
no arching, and where the drill had io be pushed by 
hand-drilling and dynamite-blasting, carries the supply to 
Lake Montedeixo, a receiving reservoir with a capacity 
of 500 millions of gallons. Lake Clifton, a storage 
reservoir, located just beyond the old city limits upon 
what was formerly a part o\' the Johns Hopkins estate, 
receives its supply oi' water by a conduit, built partly 
in tunnel and partly in open-cut, a distance of 5,410 
feet. Six distributing mains, each forty inches in 
diameter, bring the water to the distributing mains in 

the city. 

The Jones' Falls supply embraces Lake Roland, 225 
feet above tide, one and a half miles Long, with an aver- 
age width o( one-eighth oi' a mile and a water surface of 
11() acres; a conduit four miles long j Hampden Reser- 
voir, 217 feet above tide, ami eight acres water surface; 
Druid Lake, in Druid Ilill Park, 217 feet above tide, 
with a depth of twenty to sixty-live i'voi, and surrounded 
by a beautiful drive of" one and a half miles ; High Ser- 
vice Reservoir, with a water surface o\' four acres; and 
Moiwt Royal Reservoir, 150 feet above tide, with a 
water surface 1 oi' four acres. 



Municipal Institutions. 35 

HEALTH DEPARTMENT. — The sanitary regula- 
tion of the city is in the hands of a Commissioner of 
Health, appointed annually by the mayor and confirmed 
by the city council, and a subordinate force appointed by 
him. The scope of the department includes the cleaning 
of all sewers, the abatement of nuisances by order or 
legal process, the direction of a force of vaccine physi- 
cians, and indirect control of the quarantine of the city. 
Upon extraordinary occasions, as in the event of an 
epidemic, prevalent or threatened, the power of the de- 
partment is almost unlimited. An accurate mortuary 
register is maintained by a department of vital statistics, 
and weekly reports are issued. 

CITY MORGUE. — This is a neat two-story building 
of brick, with white trimmings, located at the foot of 
President street. It is fitted with administration office, 
autopsy room, and ice chests for the preservation of 
bodies. 

Other Departments of municipal service will be 
found in following pages under the titles, Courts and 
Penal Institutions, Parks and Squares, Public Schools. 



V. 
COURTS AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. 



Leaving Baltimore street at St. Paul, and walking 
northward to Lexington, the sightseer finds himself in 
the heart of one of the busiest sections of the city. On 
all sides neat gilt-lettered shingles, bustling clerks, and 
a subdued buzz of conversation, furnish unmistakable 
evidence that the majesty of the law is entirely about 
him. Up to within a few years ago, this section was 
one of the quaintest and best preserved in the city. 
Even now, although the straightening out of several 
adjacent streets, and the removal of historic rookeries 
to make way for fine office buildings has effected won- 
derful change, the district is full of interest, to the 
antiquarian no less than the philosopher, and fully 
repays the exertion of a leisurely stroll. 

BALTIMORE COURTS. — The courts of Baltimore 
are included in the eighth Judicial Circuit of the Judi- 
ciary of Maryland. They comprise a Supreme Bench, 
with a Chief Judge and five Associates, elected for a term 
of fifteen years. The Judges of the Supreme Bench are 
assigned to the following courts : Superior Court, Court 
of Common Pleas, Baltimore City Court, Circuit Court, 
Circuit Court No. 2, Criminal Court and Orphans' Court. 
The terms of the Equity Courts are the second Monday 
36 



Courts and Penal Institutions. 37 

in January, March, May, July, September and November. 
The Criminal Court is open all year hearing cases from 
indictment. The remaining courts meet in January, May 
and September. 

The courthouses are a scries of venerable structures 
situated on the block bounded by Calvert, St. Paul and 
Lexington streets and Court House lane. They are sur- 
rounded by grass plats and enclosed by iron grating. A 
small but attractive building has been recently erected on 
the south side of Court House lane for the accommodation 
of Circuit Court No. 2. The original courthouse, a struc- 
ture of brick with stone trimmings, stands at the south- 
west corner of Calvert and Lexington street, opposite the 
post-office and facing Baltic Monument. It was erected 
in 1809, and although subsequent renovation and altera- 
tion have modernized its exterior, its interior is still strik- 
ingly archaic. On the ground floor are the offices of the 
Sheriff and of the Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas. 
The main entrance is on Lexington street, and is reached 
by an iron flight of stairs to the first floor, where are 
located the Criminal Court, the Clerk of the Criminal 
Court, and the Grand Jury rooms. Above are the Superior 
Court, the Court of Common Pleas, and the well-equipped 
library of the Bar Association. A few steps above, at 
the corner of Lexington and St. Paul streets, stands the 
Record Office, containing also the Orphans' Court and 
the office of the Clerk of the Superior Court. It is a 
substantial building of granite, and is connected by rear 
exit and a paved walk with the older courthouse. The 
third structure, on St. Paul street, was originally a Masonic 
Hall. It was acquired by the city in 1867, and is now 



38 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

devoted to the uses of the Circuit Court, Baltimore City 
Court, and the Clerk of the latter body. Worn and 
weather-beaten, it still stands, with its striking portal and 
stately pillars, as a typical Temple of Justice. 

A new general Courthouse is one of the most urgent 
needs of Baltimore. Recently liberal provision has been 
made for the erection of a fine modern structure on the 
square bounded by Calvert, St. Paul, Lexington and 
Fayette streets. 

In the immediate vicinity of the courts proper are four 
handsome structures devoted to office purposes, the Law 
Building, at the corner of St. Paul and Lexington 
streets ; the Record Building, corner of St. Paul and 
Fayette streets ; the Equitable Building, corner of 
Calvert and Fayette streets; and the Fidelity Build- 
ing, corner of Charles and Lexington. These will be 
described in subsequent pages. 

PENAL INSTITUTIONS. 

BALTIMORE JAIL.. — The principal penal institu- 
tion of the city occupies six and a half acres of ground on 
Madison street and Jones' Falls. It is surrounded by a 
massive stone wall eleven feet high, and is built entirely 
of stone, brick and iron. The general plan of the build- 
ing has been described as a jail within a jail. A main 
hall extends through the centre of the structure, with an 
interior building running right and left. There are five 
tiers, containing in all some three hundred cells, eight by 
eleven by nine feet high in size, and each furnished with 
an iron cot, a table, chair and other conveniences. On 



Courts and Penal Institutions. 39 

each side of the interior buildings is a space thirteen feet 
in width, extending from the cells to the outer wall of the 
main building. The basement of this space is used as a 
dining-room. The whole establishment is subjected to 
frequent flooding and washing from hose arranged for 
that purpose. The exit from the main hall opposite the 
entrance is by a flight of iron steps into the back yard of 
the jail, where are located the kitchen, the weaving shop, 
the engine and boiler room, the tin and blacksmith shop, 
and the laundry. The yard in front of the jail on the 
west is laid out in grass and flower plats. The residence 
of the Warden is a structure of block stone fronting on 
Madison street, and divided from the jail by the stone 
wall surrounding the latter. 

MARYLAND PENITENTIARY.— The Maryland 
Penitentiary was first opened for the reception of inmates 
in 1811. It has since been remodeled and reconstructed, 
and now occupies a series of massive buildings on Madi- 
son street, adjacent to the jail. The institution is designed 
for reformatory purposes, and the inmates are regularly 
engaged in manual work of some kind. 

The history of the industrial activity of the institution 
would form an interesting story. During its early years 
cotton and woolen goods were first manufactured. This 
was followed in turn by the manufacture of combs and 
brushes, boots and shoes, hats, spikes and nails, marble 
sawing, carpet weaving, basket making, and the manufac- 
ture of tin cans, cedar ware and cigars. In 1850 it was 
seen that the institution could not continue successfully 
in independent manufactures, and the labor of its inmates 
has since been disposed of by contract to manufacturers, 



40 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

for the most part of shoes, stoves and marble designs. 
The institution has been practically self-supporting since 
1872, and in some years has had, after defraying all ex- 
penses, a not inconsiderable surplus. 

HOUSE OF CORRECTION.— This is a State insti- 
tution, which receives tramps, vagrants and petty offenders 
from Baltimore and the counties, upon court and magis- 
terial commitment. It is located near Jessup ? s Cut, on 
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, about 16 miles from 
Baltimore. The buildings are of red brick, and are sur- 
rounded by an extensive farm, in the cultivation of which 
a portion of the several hundred inmates are engaged. The 
remaining labor of the institution is disposed of by con- 
tract, and at present is largely engaged in cane-seating. 
The institution is at all times open for inspection. 

BAY VIEW ASYLUM, or City Alms-House, is 
located on an extensive tract of land on the Eastern Ave- 
nue road, and occupies a series of buildings, consisting of 
wings and centre building, topped by a cupola which 
rises to a height of one hundred and eighty-four feet. 
The administration of the institution is vested in a board 
of seven trustees, appointed for a term of two years by 
the Mayor. They appoint all officers, and exercise full 
control over the management of the institution. Any 
sick or indigent person who has been a resident of Balti- 
more for six months is admitted on application to a ward 
trustee of the poor, or to the purveyor of the Asylum. 
Vagrants and tramps are committed here by justices of 
the peace and by the Criminal Court. The appropriation 
made by the city in 1892 for its support was $92,000, the 
cost per capita being about seventy-five dollars. 



Courts and Penal Institutions. 41 

The City Insane Hospital forms an organic part of 
Bay View Asylum, insane paupers being admitted and 
committed in the same manner. The city also sends insane 
patients to the Maryland Hospital for the Insane and to 
Mount Hope Retreat. 

Delinquents are also sent to a number of institutions 
which receive appropriations from the city. Minors in 
general are committed to the Home of the Friendless, on 
Druid Hill avenue and Townsend street, or to the Henry 
Watson's Children Aid Society. Male minors and incor- 
rigibles are sent to the House of Refuge, on Gwynn's 
Falls, and to St. Mary's Industrial School, on Wilkens 
avenue and Maiden Choice lane ; females, to the House 
of the Good Shepherd, on Mount and Hollins streets, and 
to the Female House of Refuge, Baker and Carey streets ; 
colored, to the House of Reformation for Colored Boys, 
at Cheltenham, and to the Industrial Home for Colored 
Girls, at Mel vale. Indigent Deaf and Dumb are sent 
to the Maryland Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, located 
at Frederick ; and the Blind, to the Maryland School 
for the Blind. 



VI. 

POST-OFFICE AND CUSTOM HOUSE. 



POST-OFFICE.— The first post-office in Baltimore 
was established in 177 1 by William Goddard, at this time 
proprietor of the Maryland Journal, the office of which 
was also the post-office. The site occupied was that now 
used by The Sun building, at the southeast corner of Bal- 
timore and South streets. Here Miss Mary EL Goddard, 
who succeeded her father, was postmistress for fifteen years, 
until the adoption of the U.S. Constitution in 1789. When 
Miss Goddard gave up her office at the coming in of the 
new government, her successor is said to have established 
himself in an office on Baltimore street, not far from (Jay. 
It remained here until the appointment of Mr. Charles 
Burrall by General Washington, when it was transferred 
io the corner oi' St. Paul's lane, now St. Paul street, and 
Rank lane. The entire business oi' the Baltimore post- 
olliee was then transacted with the aid of a single clerk, 
in a room some fifteen feet square. Subsequent removals 
were, to a building on south Calvert street ; to the south- 
west basement of the City Hotel ; to the White building, 
on the northeast corner of Fayette and North streets, where 
its facilities were greatly improved and enlarged ; and to 
the Exchange Building, on Lombard street. For more 
than thirty years this remained its home, growing more 
42 



Post-office and Custom House. 43 

and more inadequate with the expansion and growth of 
the city. Year after year, Congress was petitioned for 
relief, and finally after repeated delays and defeats, neces- 
sary legislation was secured. 

The selection of a site was authorized by an act of 
Congress of June 18, 1879. By a series of acts extending 
up to March, 1887, a total sum of $2,561,835 was appro- 
priated for the purchase of site and cost of construction. 
The actual amount expended was $2,072,414, or nearly 
$500,000 less than the amount available. Active build- 
ing operations were begun in May, 1881. The corner- 
stone was laid with elaborate ceremonies in July of the 
following year. The roof was completed in August, 1887, 
and the structure was formally dedicated on March 22, 
1890. The contents of the building in cubic feet are 
3,539,172. Deducting the cost of site from the appropri- 
ations made up to the day of its dedication, the cost per 
cubic foot would be, including heating apparatus and 
elevators, about forty-three cents. 

The new st ructure occupies the greater part of the block 
bounded by Fayette, Lexington, Calvert and North streets. 
In a valuable historical discourse, delivered at the cere- 
monies attending the laying of the corner-stone, the late 
Hon. J. H. B. Latrobe briefly recalled the historic asso- 
ciations of the spot : "It stands upon the site of what was 
once a sand hill, through which Fayette street was origi- 
nally located, with stately mansions on its northern side. 
These successive changes of grade, as the street has been 
brought down to its present level, were left high in air 
until recently removed to make way for the new build- 
ing. The northern side of the sand hill was a precipice 



44 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

overhanging Jones' Falls, which here made a circuit from 
in front of the City Spring, above which towered the 
heights on which St. Paul's Church stood. The falls on 
their way to the Patapsco meandered through the swampy 
ground, to be lost in the marshes which still give their 
name to Marsh Market Space." 

The building is a pleasing type of Renaissance archi- 
tecture, and is built of Maine granite. The shape is a 
hollow parallelogram, the facade broken by a centre par- 
tition fla :ked by two towers. It contains four stories, 
and is built upon massive granite foundations. The 
basement is used for the storage and reception of mail 
matter. On the first floor are the general distributing 
quarters, lock boxes, Registered Letter, Money Order and 
Stamp Departments, the offices of the Superintendent of 
Carriers, Assistant Postmaster, Superintendent of City 
Division, Assistant Custodian, Superintendent of Mails, 
Pouching Room, Ladies' Lavatory and Inquiry Depart- 
ment. On the second floor are finely appointed apart- 
ments for the Postmaster, Cashier, Light House Engineer, 
and Inspector, Collector, Deputy Collector, Cashier and 
Bonded Clerk of the Internal Revenue Department, U. S. 
Guager, and Local Inspector of Steam Vessels. The 
third floor contains the quarters of the local Federal 
Courts and of their officers. 

The post office is open as follows : Postmaster's room, 
from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. ; Assistant Postmaster's, from 9 
A. M. to 4 P. M. General Delivery open day and night ; 
Sundays, 8.30 A. M. to 10 A. M. Money Order and 
Registry Divisions, 9 A. M. to 5 p. m. Stamp windows 
open from 7 A. M. to 10 P. M. ; Sundays, 8.30 to 10 A. M. 




THE POST-OFFICE. 



Post-office and Custom House. 45 

The Mailing Department is open during the entire twenty- 
four hours. 

Snb-stations for the more convenient reception and dis- 
tribution of mail matter and for the sale of stamps are 
located in various parts of the city. 

CUSTOM HOUSE.— Not until 1786 was a regular 
custom house established in Baltimore. Prior to this, 
duties upon Baltimore imports were collected at Anna- 
polis and Joppa. The office of Collector of Customs was 
created by Congress in the same year. Before the 
Revolution imposts were collected by a naval officer 
appointed by the crown. The existence of this official 
survives, as Col. Scharf notes, in the title of one of the 
chiefs of departments in the custom house. The earliest 
custom house was a modest structure standing upon the 
site of the present building, at the northeast corner of 
Gay and Lombard streets. Upon the completion of the 
Merchants' Exchange building, on Lombard and Gay 
streets, quarters were here provided for it, and after the 
removal of the post-office the entire building was turned 
over to its uses. At the present time the needs of the 
department have far outgrown the accommodations pro- 
vided, and it is to be hoped that at no distant day relief 
will be afforded by congressional action. 

The Custom House or Exchange Building at the time 
of its construction was considered the finest commercial 
structure in the country. Even now, though shabby and 
modified in plan, it is an object of no inconsiderable 
architectural interest. The most striking feature of the 
building is the spacious hall, with entrances on all sides 
and rows of Ionic columns of single blocks of Italian 



46 Grwide to the Q'dy of Baltimore. 

marble on the easl and west. The whole is surmounted 
by a frescoed dome, the internal height of which from 
the floor of the hall is one hundred and fifteen feet. 
Here are located the various offices of the department, 
while above are the quarters of the Navy Paymaster, 
Emigration Department, Special Examiner of Pensions, 
Sub-Treasury, and other federal officers. 

Exchange Place, the name of which is self-explanatory, 
is one of Hie most characteristic sections of the city. 
Willi ils old-fashioned buildings, iis subdued aeiivity 
and grass-grown side streets, it best of all exemplifies the 
evolution of Baltimore from a, mere commercial entrep61 
to a greal industrial cenl re. 

UNITED STATES COURTS. — The sessions of (lie 
United States Courts are held in handsomely appointed 
quarters on the third floor of the new post-office building. 
The State of Maryland is on (lie Fourth Judicial Circuit, 
which includes Virginia, West Virginia, North and South 
Carolina. The Q. S. Circuit Courl meets on the first 

Monday of April and November; the (J. S. District ( oiirl 
(mi (he tirst Tuesday in March, dune, September and 
I December. 

Adjacent to the post-ollice, at the corner of Fayette 

and North st reels, stands a structure of granite \\^(\ for 

the sessions of the federal courts prior to their removal to 

the larger building. The building was constructed in 

L865, the site having been selected some years before by 
President James liiichanan and his cabinet. It is con- 
structed of Maryland granite, and is a striking type oi 
Italian architecture with Grecian porticos. The lot is 
enclosed by an iron railing with granite posts. The plan 



Post-office and Custom House. 47 

of construction of the post-office involved the removal of 
this building and the conversion of its site into a grass 
plaza. Attempts have since been made to secure it for 
the use of various municipal departments. At present it 
is used as temporary quarters by the Masonic Order. 

WEATHER BUREAU.— This important branch of 
the national service is represented by the Maryland State 
Weather Service, which includes Delaware, and was organ- 
ized in May, 1891, under the joint auspices of the Johns 
Hopkins University, the Maryland Agricultural College 
and the United States Weather Bureau. The quarters 
occupied are in the physical laboratory of the Johns Plop- 
kins University, on Monument street and Linden avenue. 
The roof of the building is used for the exposure of 
instruments. The officers of the bureau are : Professor 
Wm. B. Clark, of the Johns Hopkins University, director ; 
Professor Milton Whitney, of the Maryland Agricultural 
College, secretary and treasurer ; and Dr. C. P. Cronk, of 
the United States Weather Bureau, meteorologist in charge. 
Sub-stations are located in all the counties of Maryland 
and also in Delaware, from which reports are regularly 
received and where warning signals are displayed. 



VII. 
TRADE AND COMMERCE. 



RETROSPECTION.— The earlj economic life of 
Baltimore centres largely about its trade and commerce. 
In the absolute commercial dependence of the colonial 
period, the town ranked as but one of many centres in 
which English agents gathered inland staples for home 
shipment. With the events and consequences of the 
Revolutionary War, the situation underwent radical 
change. Natural advantages of location began to assert 
themselves; local accumulation of capital led to inde- 
pendent purchase and direct shipment, and Baltimore 
rapidly assumed commercial prominence. An inde- 
pendent custom house was established in 1780, — vessels 
having hitherto entered and cleared at Annapolis, — and 
steps were taken towards the improvement of the harbor. 

Between the close of the Revolutionary War and the 
outbreak of the War of 1812 the expansion of Balti- 
more trade was phenomenal. Continental wars not only 
strengthened the demand for Maryland staples, but mate- 
rially diverted the West India trade from accustomed 
channels to this safer entrepot. The rise and perfection of 
the "Baltimore Clipper" only strengthened the oppor- 
tunity, and during the entire period of which we are 
speaking, Baltimore enjoyed the chief part of the Euro- 
48 



Trade and Commerce. 49 

pean and West Indian trade, together with no inconsider- 
able portion of* the world's carrying trade. 

Baltimore was the natural market for the agricultural 
products of the interior and Western country. Active 
communication had long been maintained with this vast 
region, in early days by pack horses, later by long wagon 
trains that traversed the great Northern turnpikes as far 
as the Ohio River. The introduction of steamboats upon 
the navigable waters of the West displaced this means 
of transportation. Trade was diverted to other centres, 
and the commercial relations of Baltimore threatened. 
Public-spirited citizens immediately began an agitation 
for improved means of communication with the West. 
In February, 1827, the first railroad charter granted in 
the United States was given by the General Assembly to 
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The work of actual 
construction was begun in the following year; in 1853 
the road was completed to the Ohio River, and in 1857 
to St. Louis. This great iron link is an organic part of 
the life history of Baltimore. It opened up a vast unde- 
veloped region, and secured for the city the full advan- 
tages, suggested by its natural location, of a seaboard 
market and distributing depot for the West. 

Both trade and commerce suffered keenly from the 
events of the Civil War. Communication with the South 
was completely cut off, and Western trade temporarily 
diverted to other channels. But the causes of prosperity 
were suspended, not destroyed, and as the prostrate indus- 
trial life of the country revived, Baltimore fairly bounded 
into commercial importance. The vigor and activity of 
those early days has never waned. The prosperity of 
4 * 



50 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

Baltimore is an historical growth springing from natural 
opportunities, and permanent in its stability and strength. 

ADVANTAGES. — Natural geographical situation, 
admirable railroad connections, and unusual harbor facili- 
ties constitute Baltimore's chief commercial advantages. 
Inland location places it in closer proximity by many 
miles than Northern and Eastern rivals to the great pro- 
ductive sections of the country. Favored geographical 
situation has been emphasized and developed by the 
establishment of direct lines of communication. By the 
shortest rail line, Baltimore is 90 miles nearer all points 
in the South than Philadelphia, 180 miles nearer than 
New York, and 413 miles nearer than Boston. With 
respect to Cincinnati, its advantages over these cities are 
respectively 74, 164 and 332 miles, and in regard to 
other Western points even more decided. The railroad 
facilities of Baltimore include five distinct broad-guage 
railroads and one narrow-guage road. The vantage- 
ground upon which they place the commercial interests 
of the city have been vividly described as follows : 

" Baltimore stands with her face to the south, and with 
one hand prepared to gather the products of nearly half 
of the United States and to send them forward to other 
nations, and in return with the left hand to bestow the 
peculiar products of the soil of Maryland and her sister 
States upon those States whose climate will not allow the 
growth of such luxuries. One iron finger runs almost 
due north, through the rich farming lands of central 
Pennsylvania and southwestern New York, until it 
touches the great lakes, with their ships loaded with 
orain. Another stretches out into manufacturing Pitts- 



Trade and Commerce. 51 

burg, 328 miles distant, the coal, iron and other mineral 
lands of southwestern Pennsylvania, western Maryland, 
West Virginia and Ohio, and away out to Chicago, 830 
miles, the central point for the grain, hay and other farm 
products of the great Northwest and the flour of St. Paul 
and Minneapolis, 1,296 miles from the seaboard. The 
third finger beckons to the stock-raisers of Kentucky 
and Tennessee, the active men of St. Louis, 931 miles to 
the west, and of Kansas City, 1,213 miles away, and bids 
them to turn towards Baltimore the rapidly-increasing 
shipments of cattle and cereals from the empire of the 
Southwest. 

" The index finger very appropriately follows the lines 
of the Appalachian system of mountains, which, ranging 
from the southwest to the northwest, give an outlet to 
Baltimore by the natural rift at Harper's Ferry, whose 
immense water-power, gradually being utilized, must bear 
tribute to this city. Down through the beautiful, fertile 
and well-watered Shenandoah Valley of Virginia the 
finger points, gathering in the profits from the farm lands 
of the valley proper, the wood and minerals of the moun- 
tain slopes, the coal and iron of the southwestern Virginia 
and southern West Virginia hills and cattle of their 
plains, piercing the pine and hardwood regions of western 
North Carolina and South Carolina, east Kentucky and 
Tennessee, and finally touching the flourishing manufac- 
turing and industrial centres of the New South, Birming- 
ham, Anniston, Ensley and other towns and cities of 
Alabama, which have grown rapidly with the develop- 
ment of their natural resources. The broad thumb covers 
a fertile section embracing Richmond, Norfolk, Atlanta, 



52 



Gruide to the City of Baltimore. 



Savannah and Charleston, and some of the finest trucking 
country on the Atlantic slope, extending from Norfolk to 
Florida with its orange groves." 

The roads in detail are as follows : 

BALTIMORE AM) OHIO RAILROAD, reaching 
in one direction to Philadelphia, thence by direct connection 
to NVw York, and on the other hand penetrating the vast 
regions of the West, Southwest and Northwest through 
the states of Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, 
Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, to the waters of the Missis- 
sippi. Connections at such important centres as Phila- 
delphia, Washington, Pittsburgh, Wheeling, Cincinnati, 
Chicago and St, Louis give it direct access to all sections 
of the country. The tide-water terminals of the road 
are situated on Locust Point, and cover a frontage of 
nearly a thousand feet. Freight can here be transferred 
from ocean steamers to ears, or vice i\rso. with the utmost 
facility and economy. Three enormous grain elevators offer 
storage capacity for 3,800,000 bushels. Massive piers are 
fitted for emigration traffic, and make it almost possible for 
the now arrival to step from steamer to train. Exit from 
the city is afforded by moans of an immense tunnel extend- 
ing beneath Howard street to the outskirts of the city. 

NORTHERS CENTRAL RAILROAD serves to 
connect Baltimore with the great Pennsylvania system, 
affording at the same time a direct outlet to the North. 
It penetrates the rich agricultural section of central 
Pennsylvania and southwestern New York up to the 
great lakes. The marine terminals of the road are located 
on the Canton side of the river, and include two elevators, 
with a total capacity of 1,250,000 bushels of grain, 



Trade and Commerce. f)^ 

steamers running nightly from Baltimore to Norfolk and 
Old Point Comfort, Va. The Ericssois Line has daily 
boats to Philadelphia. 

Trade with the Eastern Shore of Maryland engages a 
whole fleet of vessels. The principal companies engaged 
in t h is traffic are, the Eastern Shore Steamboat Com- 
pany, Worms Transportation Line, Maryland Steamboat 
Company, Chester River Steamboat Company, Sassafras 
River Steamboat Company, Choptank Steamboat Com- 
pany, Wheeler Transportation Line, Maryland c& Virginia 
Steamboat Company, Tolchester St< amboat ( Jompany, and 
others. There are in all aboul 50 bay steamers, ranging 
in tonnage from 250 to 800 tons, which all have excellent 
passenger facilities in addition to their freight accommo- 
dations. During the busy summer season they make 
daily trips, while in the winter months, when the business 
is lighter, four trips per week suffice. In addition there 
are an almost innumerable number of schooners, pungeys, 
bugeyes, which run throughout the year, bringing a vast 
assortment of produce to Baltimore's world-famed markets. 

STATISTICAL. — The chief articles of local export 
are corn, wheat, flour, cattle, tobacco, copper and coal. 
Importing activity centres about iron ore, bananas, pine- 
apples, cocoanuts, sugar, and general merchandise. 

The foreign movement inward for L891— '92 was 
1,123,368 tons; the outward movement was 1,383,935 
tons; the coastwise movement inward was 1,192,137 
tons; the outward movement was 1,524,602 tons. 

Value of imports (free), $(>,(', V2 } Q2H ; value of im- 
ports (dutiable), $6,766,225; total value of imports, 
$13,418,253; imports in American sailing vessels, 



")(i Gruide to the City of Baltimore, 

$3,794,108; imports in foreign vessels, $9,621,890 ; im- 
ports in cars overland, $2,255; total imports, $13,418,253. 

Value oi' domestic exports, $98,796,856 ; exports in 
American vessels, $1,514,-48; exports in foreign vessels, 
$97,233,508; total exports for l89l-'92, $98,796,346. 

The articles exported and the number of tons were as 
follows: Cattle, 31,650; com, 161,220; wheat, 581,041 ; 
flour, 984,952; coal, 92,385; copper matte, 19,989; copper 
ingots, 5,270; cotton, 51,425; dried apples, 1,731 ; grape 
sugar, 1,325; rosin, 13,918; oil cake, 30,939; illumi- 
nating oil, 1,73:2 ; wax, 1,241 ; beef, canned, 12,544; 
beef, fresh, 2 X 587 ; beef, salt, 2,919; tallow, 12,430; 
bacon, 3,085; hams, 1,617; pickled pork, 4,108 ; lard, 
30,146; olio oil, 3,405; cotton-seed oil, 7U) ; starch, 
3,231; leaf tobacco, 24,958 ; tobacco stems, 3,675 ; zinc, 
1,(>70. 

American vessels entered from foreign ports: Sailing, 
52,638 tons ; steam, 2,701 tons, Foreign vessels : Sail- 
ing, 17,571 tons; steam, 1,050,458 tons. American 
vessels cleared tot- foreign ports: Sailing, 51,817 tons; 
steam, 711 tons. Foreign vessels: Sailing, 9,318 tons; 
steam, 1,321,786 tons. Vessels entered, 1,123,368 tons; 
vessels cleared, 1,383,935 tons; total, 1892, 2,507,303 
tons; total, 1891, 1,611,970 tons; increase in 1892, 
895,333 tons. 



VIII. 
MANUFACTURES AND INDUSTRIES. 



HISTORICAL NOTE.— England's endeavor to pre- 
serve in Maryland ;is in the other colonics an exclusive 
market for her own productions prevented any early in- 
dustrial activity in Baltimore. In lace of persistent 
discouragement iron production, however, early readied 
some development. In 17 1!) eight furnaces and nine 
forges are said to have been in operation in the Province; 
hut for even the simplest- conveniences of civilized life 
the colonists were dependent upon England. In 1774 
began a system of practical non-intercourse with Great 
Britain, and from thence on, through a term of years, the 

colonies were thrown largely upon their own resources. 

Various branches of manufactures sprang up, and as early 
as 1.778 we find in active operation in Baltimore a linen 
factory, a bleach vard, a paper mill, a woolen and linen 
factory, a slitting mill, a card factory and two nail fac- 
tories. The first sugar refinery was established in the 
town in 1784 ; four years later came a glass factory, under 
the direction of German manufacturers. The industrial 
development of Baltimore from this time on, while sub- 
stantial, was still conservative. Commerce and shipping 
engaged general attention, and manufacturing industries 
were projected only to the extent of their dependence 

57 



\ \ :.'. Dg tho d - 

US - 

- it look al at him 

signs - \ 

M v\ i r u n RING vm v\ r vi;rs.— The 

p consist 

Lightened 
the sj 

thos 
I g a ' • - sear pros 

miles 2 tho 

S g p . - - he Wee 

the wood, 

supplier i — the 

stries N - 

Baltim 
s is - ' 

U gi s - Rows 

ags of six i - Id 

|ll ath. 11 ses g I 

igress 
egtess a good 5 and 

ogs with baths and 

Som - - larg 

sii 



Ma int f<i<-lnr<x and Iiuhi.slrirs. 



r,!) 



supply is unlimited, and supplied al almost a nominal 
rate. Available sites, with <>r without water fronts, can 
be obtained .-it low rents, while capitalists and public 
spirited citizens are prepared to offer even greater induce- 
ments to responsible persons desiring l<> locate here. 
" We w:mi you to come into <>nr midst," is the invitation 
of a leading trade organization, "and will help you to 
mii unusual extent in remaining here with profit and credit 
to yourself." The same willingness to aid and encourage 
iu every possible way l< ►<-.» I industrial development has 
led the City Council to exempt all manufacturing plants 
from taxation, and to provide that: "Any individual, 
linn or corporation engaged in the business of manufac- 
turing within the corporate limits is exempt from all 
taxes which may l»<' levied hereaftei upon any mechanical 
tools, implements or engines, whether worked by hand or 
steam or other motive power, ussd by them in such 
business." 

INDUSTRIES. — The manufacturing enterprises of 
Baltimore are most varied, scarcely a single important 
industry being unrepresented. H is the largest manu- 
facturing centre in the United States for ready-made 
clothing, shirts, fertilizers, straw goods, cotton duck, fruit 
canning :in<l oyster packing, while in other important 
fields its operation are of absolutely greater magnitude. 
By even the unskilled, Baltimore is more or less intimately 
associated with Oyster and Fruit Packing* and this 
industry, if not its most important, is certainly its most 
characteristic industry. Some 85 houses are engaged in 

the trade, hand lin<;- about 10,000,000 bushels and doing a 

total annual business of from $22,< )(><>,<)()() to $25,000,000. 



It is estimated that about persons tind regular 

employment, in addition I a -e number drawn from the 

eity during the s - leng _ " fruit pick 2 

cent counties or ii 1 oys " _ wn the The 

industry has also made Baltimore the chief centre for the 
manufacture or Pur Cans, : - being 

annually turned out. The manufacture Deovboenc 

og _ - 3 - ith a cap;: v and 

annual sales of J : 00, an I _ - employment I 

people. Facilities for production at mini- 
mum a - particularly :id the _ 
produced are generally 0: _ lizeks and 
their manufacture have long received attention in Balti- 
more. In recent - the industry has grown to h _ 
proportions, there _ v - - « . 

2; the harbor, with an annual output 
tons and sales Ling $ 

tons of phosphate rock were brought from Charleston, 
S. C, in 18 .-'ly the entire S - Island 

output : - - ;ed. T . .: d manufactures I 

&HXBXS, V NTDEKW : * tKUIS _ _v about 

factories and some 6,000 hands, with an annual output of 
about I Less of the industrial 3 ss bieh 

characterizes th - - rs in Baltimore than else- 

where. In sF urth Ann .:*roll D. 

W right, U. 3 3S :i er of I - 3 " The home 

condition of Baltimore - 2; $ above the aver- 

Kents are cheap sej ses the rule, sanitary 

arrangements _ ?nement - - - 

with other cit 3 iltimore is the _ - single pro- 

ducing centre of Com ck iu the world, turning out 



Manufactures and Industries, 61 

about two-thirds of the entire amount manufactured in 
the United States. The total annual output aggregates 
about $16,000,000, and employs some 3,000 persons. 
The suburban village of Woodberry, a striking view of 
which can be had from the summit of Prospect Hill, 
Druid Hill Park, has been built up principally through 
this industry and is its chief site. - 

The manufacture of Boots and Shoes is an important 
and growing industry representing an annual product of 
some $6,000,000. The trade in Leather is represented by 
about 80 firms, with annual sales aggregating $9,000,0C0 
and some of the most extensive tanneries in the United 
States. There are 24 Breweries in the city, with an 
annual production of 640,000 barrels and capital of 
$10,000,000 invested. Furniture represents a manu- 
factured product of about $-3,000,000, and employs some 
2,500 skilled workmen. Hardware and its related 
trades swells the volume of business transacted by some 
$2o,000,000. Baltimore is easily the leading city in the 
United States in the manufacture of Straw Goods. It 
contains nine manufacturing establishments, with 1,200 
hands employed. Dry Goods and its minor branches 
of white goods and notions engage a large number of 
firms and capital to the amount of $12,000,000. Busi- 
ness is done over a wide stretch of territory, and in 
1891 aggregated $34,000,000. Baltimore has for many 
years been a centre for Copper refining. Extensive 
smelting works are located at Canton, which yield a larger 
product of copper for easting purposes than any similar 
establishment in the United States. In 1891 it exceeded 
30,000,000 pounds. Ship-building is one of the latest 



62 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

and most promising of local industries. The leading plants 
are at Sparrow's Point and at Locust Point. Here have 
been built several of the successful gunboats and cruisers 
that are to constitute "the new navy" of the United 
States. The Pottery products of Baltimore have attained 
a high reputation throughout the United States. Five 
potteries are in operation with twenty or more large 
kilns, employing about seven hundred men and women 
in making and decorating their wares. 

In other important industries the value of the pro- 
duct for 1891 was as follows : Bar Iron and Steel, 
SI, 000,000; MnxiNERY. $3,000,000; Lithography, 
$500,000; Drugs and Patent Medicines, $10,000,000; 
Woodenwaee, $2,000,000 ; Confectionery and Fruit, 
$5,000,000; Paints, Oels and Geass, $5,000,000; 
Cureed Hair, $2,000,000; Chin aware, $1,000,000; 
Marbee and Granite, Si ,000,000. 

SPARROW'S POINT.— The works of the Mary- 
land Steel Company, located at Sparrow's Point, on the 
north bank of the Patapsco, about nine miles from Balti- 
more, comprise four large blast furnaces, a Bessemer 
plant and rail mill, a complete steel ship-building plant 
with machine, boiler and pattern shops and iron foundry 
adequate to the maintenance of the metallurgical plant, 
and for the construction of engines and boilers required 
for the ships built at the Marine Department. In addi- 
tion to the manufacturing plant there are the necessary 
wharves for ore and other materials arriving by water, 
and for the shipping of the products of the works. The 
Baltimore and Sparrow's Point Railroad, by its con- 
nections with the principal trunk lines, gives excellent 
facilities for shipment by land. 



Manufactures and Industries. 



63 



The blast furnaces and the steel plant have been 
arranged with special reference to the use of hot metal 
direct from the blast furnaces, and t<> roll rails direct 
from the ingots. The Bessemer plant has a capacity of 
i_\ 000 tons product per day. Besides these mills there 
will be constructed in the future a large open hearth 
furnace plant and plate and shape mills for turning out 
all kinds of material required in the construction of 
ships, bridges and buildings. 

Sparrow's Point has at present a resident population 
of about 3,500. The dwelling houses, which were built 

by the Steel Company, are supplied with water from 
artesian wells, have underground sewerage and good sani- 
tary regulations. The streets and mills are lighted by 
electricity, There are churches tor white and colored 

residents, and a beautiful riverside resort known as IVn- 
WOod Park. 

CURTIS BAY. — Along the picturesque south side of 
the Patapsco river, that bears this name, there hassprung 
up within easy memory an active industrial settlement. 
The harbor has an average depth of twenty-five feet in 
front oi' the land, allowing steamers of Large draught to 
discharge their cargoes. Here has been ereoted a large 
sugar refinery, which is expected to bring hack to Balti- 
more its historic prestige in this industry. Large car 
works are in operation, employing some five hundred 
men and turning out fifteen new freight cars daily. 
Other Large industries are machine shops, nut and holt 
manufactory, and barrel factory. Several hundred neat 
and substantial brick houses have been erected to meet 

the demands oi' the growing population. The town con- 



64 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

tains several churches, and is reached from Baltimore by 
an electric railway connecting at Ferry Bar with the city 
street cars. 

WOODBERRY has already been referred to as the 
chief site of Baltimore's cotton manufactures. Here are 
also located extensive works for the manufacture of all 
kinds of special machinery. These works cover about 
ten acres of ground, — directly through which the Northern 
Central Railroad passes, — and employ from four hundred 
to five hundred skilled workmen. 

COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS.— The fol- 
lowing is a list of the more important commercial bodies 
of Baltimore : 

Corn and Flour Exchange, Chamber of Commerce. 

The Board of Trade, Rialto Building. 

Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association, 
Hopkins Place and German street. 

Real Estate Exchange, 123 E. Fayette street. 

Lumber Exchange, 19 W. Saratoga street. 

Taxpayers' Association, 123 E. Fayette street. 

Provision Exchange, 47 Chamber of Commerce. 

Produce Exchange, 105 South street. 

Canned Goods Exchange, 413 Water street. 

Brick Manufacturers' Exchange, 19 W. Sara- 
toga street. 

Tobacco Board of Trade, 419 Exchange Place. 

Builders' Exchange, 19 W. Saratoga street. 

Shoe and Leather Board of Trade, Hopkins 
Place and German street. 

Baltimore Stock Exchange, 2 1 E. German street. 

Baltimore Clearing House, National Union Bank. 



IX. 

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



Baltimore ranks as one of the foremost educational 
centres of the country. A graded system of public 
schools provides free instruction in primary, secondary, 
collegiate and normal studies. The first manual training 
school to be maintained as part of a public school system 
was established in this city. Flourishing colleges of law, 
medicine and dentistry, private schools and female insti- 
tutions attract hundreds of students from every State of 
the Union. The Woman's College promises to become 
to the South what Vassar, Smith and Wellesley Colleges 
are to the North. Personal philanthropy in the forms 
of the Peabody Institute and the Johns Hopkins Uni- 
versity has made Baltimore almost unique among modern 
cities. The experience of the latter institution forms a 
remarkable chapter in the history of American higher 
education. Almost within the period which similar 
foundations have devoted to mere tentative efforts, Johns 
Hopkins has attained the front rank among higher insti- 
tutions of learning. Means of positive instruction are 
supplemented by public libraries, accessible lecture courses 
and choice art collections. Academic currents penetrate 
every stratum of Baltimore society and exercise wide and 
far-reaching influence upon its intellectual life. 

5 65 



!)<) Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS. — The public school system of 
Baltimore dates from January, 1827, when an ordinance 
was adopted by the City Council creating a board of 
commissioners of public schools and investing them with 
power to establish schools. Two years later the first 
school was opened, and the system has since then 
steadily developed and expanded. 

It consists of primary, grammar, and high schools, or 
colleges. Separate systems are provided throughout for 
males, females and for colored children. The total 
number of pupils on roll on October 15, 1892, was 
54,971, under the charge of 1,354 regular teachers. 
School buildings are scattered throughout the citv, and 
are for the most part substantial structures of brick and 
stone, constructed with special reference to ventilation 
and light. 

The school system is entirely free, text-books and 
supplies being provided without cost. Its supervision 
is in the hands of an unpaid Board of School Com- 
missioners, consisting of twenty-two members, one from 
each ward, elected by the City Council. The annual 
cost of the system is about $1,000,000. 

The Baltimore Manual, Training School, was the 
first school of its kind in the United States established as 
a part of any public school system. It is now every- 
where recognized as eminently successful, and its methods 
of instruction are generally adopted by other Manual 
Training Schools. It occupies commodious quarters on 
Courtland near Saratoga streets, with accommodations for 
500 students. The older building contains the work- 
shops of the school. On the ground floor are the boiler 



Educational Institutions. 07 

room, sheet metal and forge shops, with a steam blower 
and steam exhaust fan. The machine shops, pattern- 
making shops and steam engineering shops take up the 
third floor, while the fourth is divided into two rooms? 
used as carpentry and wood-carving shops. The first 
floor of the new building contains a natatorium and a 
covered play and drill ground for the boys. A large 
hall on the second floor is conveniently furnished with 
opera chairs. On the third and fourth floors are the hat, 
office, cloak, library, and recitation rooms, and physical 
and chemical laboratories. The fifth story is divided 
into four large rooms, one each for freehand and mechan- 
ical drawing, model and exhibition. The hallway of this 
floor is used as an armory. 

More recently a Coloked Manual Training School 
has been established, and is in successful operation on 
Fremont near Lombard streets. 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, is designed for the 
training of teachers of both sexes, and is supported by an 
annual State appropriation. It is located in a handsome 
structure on the northwest corner of Lafayette and Car- 
rollton avenues, and is built of brick with sandstone 
trimmings. In the basement are the gymnasium, dressing- 
rooms and larger class-rooms. The principal story con- 
tains the parlor, library, offices, reception-rooms and 
class-rooms; the second floor, the assembly-room, seating 
six hundred persons ; and the third, lecture-rooms and 
laboratories. Each county in the State is entitled to send 
two students for each representative in the General 
Assembly. A limited number of other pupils are taken 
on payment of tuition fees. 



68 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND.— This institu- 
tion is situated at the corner of Lombard and Greene 
streets. It was founded in 1807 as a medical school, 
it being the fifth in the United States in point of age. It 
had the usual vicissitudes of medical schools, being at 
first without buildings, money, facilities for teaching 
or a library. Later came a long-continued controversy 
between the Regents and Trustees, which divided the 
faculty and students, and was only settled by an appeal 
to the courts. Subsequently the Civil War interfered 
much with its prosperity and development. Notwith- 
standing all of these disadvantages, the University of 
Maryland has done a most useful work, and has left 
an abiding impress upon the medical education of the 
country. The founders purchased with their private 
means a library ; they procured costly apparatus from 
Europe ; later they effected a loan, and erected another 
building for lecture purposes and for the accommodation 
of the splendid anatomical and pathological collection of 
over 1,000 specimens which they had bought; early recog- 
nizing the need of facilities for clinical instruction, they 
leased ground in the immediate vicinity of the college, 
and erected thereon a costly hospital (being among the 
first to do this) ; they encouraged classical learning by 
founding a gold medal for Latin theses and in other 
ways. Their successors introduced hygiene and medi- 
cal jurisprudence into their curriculum (1833) ; they 
endeavored to increase the opportunities for instruction 
by voluntarily lengthening their course to six months 
(1840) ; they early taught auscultation and percussion 
(1841); they instituted lectures on pharmacy (1844); 



Educational Institutions. 69 

they gave a complete course on operative surgery 
(1845) and pathology (1847); they encouraged prepara- 
tory medical schools; they were either first or second 
to enforce dissection (1833, 1848); they established 
compulsory courses in experimental physiology and 
microscopy (1854); they were among the first to intro- 
duce the study of specialties (1866), and first to make 
an independent chair of diseases of women and chil- 
dren ; they established a successful dental school (1882), 
a lying-in-hospital (1887), and a training school for 
nurses (1890). 

In 181 2 the Legislature, by a special act, gave authority 
to add Faculties of Divinity, Law and Arts and Sciences. 
Of these additional faculties that of Law alone remains. 
This had an uncertain existence for many years, but in 
1870 it was reorganized and it became an important part 
of the University. It now occupies a building of its own 
adjoining the medical college on Lombard street. It has 
seven professors and about 100 students. In 1882 a 
dental school was founded, which occupies a building 
adjacent to the University on Greene street. It now has 
seven professors, and gives instruction to about one hun- 
dred and fifty students annually. 

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. 

In the very heart of Baltimore, within close proximity 
to various supplementary educational agencies, and of easy 
access from any quarter of the city, is located the Johns 
Hopkins University. The several academic buildings are 
included in or face the block bounded by Howard, Eutaw, 



70 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

Monument and Little Ross streets. The Madison, Mary- 
land and Linden avenue street cars pass the institution, 
and the Druid Hill and Edmondson avenue lines reach 
within a square. The present situation of the University 
was at first deemed merely temporary, the founder hav- 
ing designated his suburban country-seat, Clifton, as the 
ultimate site. The buildings erected within the city 
for immediate purposes have been added to and enlarged, 
until now in convenience and working facilities thev stand 
unrivalled. There is no dormitory system in connection 
with the University. The large number of non-resident 
students is scattered among the private boarding houses of 
the city, with a tendency to concentration in the pleasant 
residence sections of the neighborhood. 

FOUNDATION.— The Johns Hopkins University 
owes its foundation to the liberality of the Baltimore 
merchant whose name it bears. He died on the twenty- 
fourth of December, 1873, nearly eighty years of age, 
leaving a large fortune, which he gave in nearly two 
equal amounts for the endowment of a University and a 
Hospital. He directed that when the Hospital was com- 
pleted it should become a part of the Medical School of 
the University. Many years before his death he began 
to cherish the idea of establishing these two institutions, 
and the letter of instructions signed by him shows the 
broad and enlightened views which he held with respect 
to the welfare of mankind. At the same time his specific 
bequests were made in very simple terms, and he left to 
his Trustees the decision of all details. 

The University was incorporated under the general 
laws of the State of Maryland August 24, 1867. Three 



Educational Institutions. 71 

years later, Juno L3, L870, the Trustees met and elected 
a President and a Secretary of the Board. They did not 
meet again until after the death of Mr. Hopkins, when 
they entered with a definite purpose on the work for 
which they were associated. President Daniel C. Gil man, 
who is still in office, was elected in December, L874. lie 
entered upon the duties of his station in the following 
spring, and in the summer of L875, at the request of the 
Trustees, he went to Europe and conferred with many 
leaders of university education in Great Britain and on 
the continent. During the following winter the plans of 
the University were formulated and made public. The 
work of instruction began in the autumn of L876, and 
has gradually extended and improved since that time. 

METHODS. — The organization and methods of the 
University have been described by President Oilman as 
follows : 

"The University is organized upon the principle that 
it is a body of teachers and scholars, Universitas magistro- 
riini et discipuloruTrij — a corporation maintained for the 
conservation and advancement of knowledge, in which 
those who have been thoroughly prepared for higher 
Studies are encouraged to continue, under competent pro- 
fessors, their intellectual advancement in many branches 
of science and Literature. 

"In this society are recognized two important grades, — 
the Collegiate students, who are aspirants for the diploma 
of Bachelor of Arts, to which they look forward as a 
certificate that they have completed a liberal course of 
preliminary study ; and the University students, includ- 
ing the few who may he candidates for a higher diploma, 



72 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

that of Doctor or Master (a certificate that they have made 
special attainments in certain branches of knowledge), and 
a large number who, without any reference to a degree, 
are simply continuing their studies for varying periods. 

"Corresponding to the wants of these two classes of 
students, there are two methods of instruction — the rule 
of the College, which provides discipline, drill, training 
in appointed tasks, for definite periods ; and the rule of 
the University, the note of which is opportunity, freedom, 
encouragement and guidance in more difficult studies, 
inquiries and pursuits. Thus far but one faculty has been 
maintained — that of philosophy or the liberal arts — but 
the nucleus of a medical faculty has been formed, and 
some advanced instruction is now given in pathology and 
in the special branches of medicine and surgery, under 
the auspices and in the buildings of the Johns Hopkins 
Hospital." 

BUILDINGS. — The University Buildings are placed 
in the heart of the city, within sight of Washington 
Monument, and near to a large number of literary and 
educational establishments. They include a central build- 
ins; in which are the offices of administration and the 
class-rooms for the ancient languages. Directly west is 
a building containing the general Library of the Uni- 
versity and a large lecture-room for Chemistry. Beyond 
this, to the west, stands the Chemical Laboratory, and 
still further to the west is the Biological Laboratory, a 
three-story building, for the study of the biological 
sciences. North of the main group of buildings stand 
the Gymnasium (with the accessory bath-rooms and 
dressing-rooms and a tennis court), and Levering Hall, 



Educational Institutions. 73 

erected for the Young Men's Christian Association of the 
University. Still further north is the Physical Labora- 
tory, in which are housed the departments of Physics 
(including Electrical Engineering), Mathematics and 
Astronomy. Several dwelling houses in the neighbor- 
hood are also used for class-rooms and for the laboratories 
in Mineralogy and Geology. A new building, McCoy 
Hall, to be used for the library and for class-rooms for 
the literary departments, is in course of erection, on the 
corner of Monument and Garden streets, extending in a 
southerly direction to Little Ross street. 

The Buildings can be most profitably inspected in the 
order here given. Upon application to the Registrar's 
office, a guide will be furnished to any appreciative 
visitor. The following additional directions will how- 
ever be of service : 

CENTRAL. BUILDING. — The original academic 
structure is situated on the southwest corner of Howard 
and Little Ross streets. The lower floor contains the 
offices of the President, the Board of Trustees and other 
administrative officers. The second and third stories are 
devoted to the classical and oriental departments, while 
on the fourth are rooms for drawing and a large lecture- 
room. 

Situated next to this building, and connected with it, 
is the Library Building. On the lower floor is Hopkins 
Hall, now used as the principal chemical lecture hall. 
Above it is the main library with its numerous alcoves. 
The library of the University numbers about 56,000 
well-selected volumes, including the McCoy library of 
8,000 volumes. Owing to the department system which 



74 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

is here in vogue, the books are divided among; the various 

CD ' C 

departments. On the third floor are the historical and 
political departments, centering about the Bluntschii 
Library. 

CHEMICAL, LABORATORY. — This was opened in 
1877. After a period of years, the impossibility of provid- 
ing for all who wished to avail themselves of its privileges 
determined the Trustees, after much deliberation, to en- 
large it. Plans were accordingly drawn and contracts 
made, and on the third of May, 1883, the building in its 
present improved and extended form was completed and 
thrown open to public observation. It is a substantial 
structure of pressed brick, covering an area of about fifty 
by one hundred feet, and containing three full stories 
and a basement. The basement contains store-rooms for 
chemical apparatus, two well-lighted rooms for assay 
work and other furnace operations, besides the boiler- 
room and fuel-vaults. The first floor is devoted mainly 
to such work as is commonly carried on in chemical 
laboratories. Laboratory A, on the right as one enters, 
is intended especially for those who are beginning the 
study of chemistry, and Laboratory B, in the rear, for 
more advanced students, who are engaged in quantitative 
analysis and in making difficult preparations. On this 
floor are also situated a balance-room, apparatus-office, 
private laboratory and a room for gas analysis. Advanced 
research work in organic chemistry is carried on in the 
second floor in Laboratories C and D. The principal 
lecture-room and the Chemical library, as well as the 
Director's rooms, are also on this floor. The principal 
room on the third floor is Laboratory E, similarly 




JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY— PLAT OF BUILDINGS. 



A. 



C. 
D. 
E. 



University Offices, F. 

Ancient Languages, G. 

Drawing. H. 

Hopkins Hall (Chemical I. 

Lecture Room), K. 

Library, L. 
History and Politics. 

Chemistry. M. 

Biology. N. 
Geology and Mineralogy. 



Geology. 
Gymnasium. 
Electrical Building. 
McCoy Hall. 
Class Rooms. 
Levering Hall (Y. M. 

Building). 
Physics. 
Modern Languages. 



C. A. 



Educational Institutions. 75 

designed for advanced work. There are also two smaller 
rooms, one used as a lecture-room, the other as a cabinet 
of chemical substances. 

BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY.— This is located 
at the southeast corner of Eutaw and Little Ross streets, 
immediately above the Chemical Laboratory, with which 
it harmonizes in style and symmetry. It is built of 
Baltimore pressed brick, with steps, entry, window-sills 
and band-courses of Cheat River bluestone. It stands 
free on all sides, and is lighted by numerous large 
windows. The first floor contains a large lecture-room, 
a store-room for diagrams and lecture apparatus, an 
administration room, a preparation room and a large 
general laboratory, supplied with all reagents and appli- 
ances for practical biological work. The floor of this 
room and of several others in the building is of asphalt, 
and the walls of hard cement to a height of two and a 
half feet. The floor can thus be flooded with water and 
thoroughly cleansed whenever desirable. 

PHYSICAL LABORATORY.— The most impos- 
ing of all the structures devoted to the sciences is the 
Physical Laboratory on Monument street. It is faced 
with sand-brick laid iu black mortar and trimmed with 
sandstone. The main entrance is reached by a broad 
flight of stone steps to a large vestibule, the opening of 
which is a stone arch with large pilasters and carved 
caps on either side in the Romanesque style. In con- 
struction and equipment the laboratory ranks as one of 
the finest of its kind in the world. In addition to the 
requisite arrangements for instruction there are special 
facilities for research, especially in electricity and mag- 



76 Guide to the QUy of BaMmore. 

netism and in spectrum analysis, and for the photographic 
study of physical phenomena of all kinds. The boilers 
for heating and supplying power are in an opposite 
building, steam being conveyed through a tunnel under 
Monument street to the engines and radiators in the 
basement of i lu v laboratory, 

Under the basement and in the centre of the building 
are constructed Pour vaults, so arranged as to give a 
temperature as nearly even as possible for certain delicate 
experiments. Here are located the machines for ruling 
the concave gratings, In the basement are also the 
engine and power room, dynamo-room, battery-room, 
photometric-room, carpenter's shop, workshops, and 
special rooms for measurements in electricity and mag- 
netism and laboratories For furnace work. On the first 
floor, entering from Monument street to the right, are 
laboratories for heat and thermometrio investigations; to 
the left is the general lecture-room, with a small gallery 
along the oast wall from whioh apparatus may be sus- 
pended. North of this room is the lecturer's apparatus 
room and the elevator. On this floor are also rooms tor 
electricity, magnetism, electrical testing and balances, 
electrometer and apparatus rooms. The second floor is 
taken up by tho director's study and library, mathe- 
matical lecture room-, study and apparatus room and the 
general library, On the third floor are class-rooms, 
elementary and minor laboratories, work-rooms and 
diffraction room. On the fourth floor are the spectro- 
meter room and apartments for investigations in light 
and psycho-physics, draughting-rooms, photograph, de- 
veloping emulsion, enlarging, concave grating and 







Wig*" 




JOHN8 HOPKINS UNIVERSITY-PHYSICAL LABORATORY. 



Educational Institutions, 



77 



spectroscope rooms. The fifth floor is used for the 
Investigation of the velocity of Light and for battery and 
storage rooms. ( hi the roof is ;i platform for open air 
experiments. The dome of the astronomical observatory 
surmounts the lower on the southeast corner of (!><' 
building. 

LEVER] n<; HALL, the home of the Johns Hopkins 
Y. M, C. A.., and the centre of much of the social life 
of ill*' University, is the handsome brown sandstone 
building situated immediately opposite the Biological 
Laboratory. On the first story is the reading room 
and library, snug and inviting with its easy rockei , 
open grate, pleasant furnishing, and well chosen books, 
papers, and magazines. Double sets of sliding doors 
separate this room from the chapel room, which is con 
Qected with 8 smaller one on the west, used for committee 
meetings. The second floor contains the main hall, with 
430 folding chairs. The entire building is heated by 
hot-air furnaces in the cellar, and ilw tjas in 1 1 1< • main 
ball is lighted by electricity. Brass memorial tablets 
record the generosity of Mr. Eugene Levering, whose 
gift the hall is, and the names of various benefactors of 

the I lnivcr.il v. 

ivi<:<:oy HALL, which when completed will be the 
largest and most prominent of the University buildings, 
is al (lie time of writing in coin;*' of construction, li 
will be lour stories in height, with a frontage of ( .)< r > 
feet on Monument street, L76 feet on Little Garden 
street, and L12 feet on Ross street. Levering Hall 
was moved intact from its former position to the 
corner of Eutaw street, being also turned around ninety 



78 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

degrees, so as to front on Eutaw street. It is to be con- 
nected directly by doors in the rear with McCoy Hall. 
The first floor of the new building will contain a lame 
Lecture-room with a seating capacity of 800 persons, 
a smaller lecture-room which is expected to seat 200 
persons, and a series of administration oiliees. The 
second and third floors will contain class-rooms, seminary 
rooms and professors' studies for the use of the historical 
department, including the Bluntschli Library, and for 
the ancient and modern language departments. The 
entire fourth floor will be devoted to library purposes. 
The library will be arranged in the new quarters accord- 
ing to the latest and most improved plans The main 
reading-room will be some ten times as large as the one 
now used. Lighting will be carefully arranged by a 
series of skylights. The whole building will be sur- 
mounted by two towers, one at each end of the building. 
The exterior will probably be of red sandstone or stone 
of a color corresponding very nearly to the red brick with 
sandstone trimmings which is the exterior of the present 
building. 

STATISTICS (1892).— The entire academic staff of 
the University includes 64 teachers, in addition to a 
number of students who conduct classes in various de- 
partments. The number of students enrolled is 547, of 
whom 273 are residents of Maryland, 274 are from 35 
other States of the Union, and ID from foreign countries. 
Among the students are 337 already graduated, coming 
from 143 colleges and universities ; there are 140 matricu- 
lates (or candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts); 
and there are 70 admitted as special students to pursue 



Educational Institutions. 79 

Bourses of study for which they seem fitted without refer- 
ence to graduation. During the year 1891-92 the degree 
of Bachelor of Arts was conferred upon 41 candidates, 
and 37 candidates were promoted to the degree of Doctor 
of Philosophy. 

During the first fifteen years (1876-91) 1,767 indi- 
viduals were enrolled as students, of whom 770 are 
registered as from Maryland (including 624 from Balti- 
more), and 997 from 52 other States and countries ; 994 
persons entered as graduate students, and 773 as under- 
graduates. Of the undergraduates 160 continued as 
graduate students, many of them proceeding to the degree 
of Doctor of Philosophy. It thus appears that 1,154 
persons have followed graduate studies here in the last 
fifteen years. 

Since degrees were first conferred in 1878, 841 persons 
have attained the Baccalaureate degree, and 249 have 
been advanced to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 

THE WOMAN'S COLLEGE. 

As the visitor leaves the central section of the city, 
and continues northward beyond the original corporate 
limits, the most distinctive architectural feature which 
attracts his attention is a line of massive granite build- 
ings on St. Paul street, flanked on the south by a 
tower of peculiar shape. The tower belongs to the 
First Methodist Episcopal Church, and the buildings 
marshalled to the north of it are those of the Woman's 
College of Baltimore. They consist of Goucher Hall, 
3ontaining over forty class-rooms, laboratories and offices 



80 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

for administration, a second Instruction Hall, yet un- 
named, and Bennett Hall, containing the gymnasium, 
baths and swimming pool. A block to the east, at the 
corner of Calvert and Fourth streets, is a " College 
Home," a plain but handsome brick building, accommo- 
dating sixty-five students; and a block to the west, on 
the corner of Charles and Fourth streets, a second home 
of similar style and capacity. 

HISTORY. — The Woman's College was projected 
by the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church at its 100th session, held in the City of Wash- 
ington, D. C, March 5-11, 1884. (See Minutes of the 
Baltimore Conference, 1884, pages 48-50.) It was incor- 
porated under the general law of the State of Maryland, 
January 26, 1885. The charter was amended and the 
powers of the corporation enlarged by an Act of the 
Legislature of Maryland on April 3, 1890. The doors 
were opened to students on September 17, 1888, and a 
Class of the First Year was organized. An additional 
class was added with each year, so that the organization 
was not completely developed until three years later. It 
early became evident that, owing to the inadequate courses 
of the secondary schools of Baltimore and of much of 
the territory from which the institution was drawing its 
students, the College must supervise its preparatory work. 
Since this could not be done within the College organiza- 
tion without seriously impairing its efficiency, the Girls' 
Latin School was organized in September, 1890, with its 
own principal, faculty and buildings. 

The total number of students in the two institutions is 
now [1892] three hundred and thirty-two, of whom one 



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Educational Institutions. si 

mndred and twenty-four are in the College and doing 
strictly collegiate work. Fifty-five of the ( College students 
ire residents of Baltimore and vicinity ; the others come 
mm a wide area north, south and west. 

GOUCHER HALL, and the new, unnamed Instruc- 
ion Hall, arc massive granite structures of the Roman- 
esque style of architecture. They are used for instruction 
tnd administration only. ( lareful attention lias been given 
;o the details of their construction, and the requirements 
)f sanitation haw been punctiliously observed in the 
lystems of lighting, heating, ventilation and drainage. 
Every facility is afforded for class work and every con- 
venience for administration. Goucher Hall, with the 
rround upon which it stands, was the gift of the Rev. 
!ohn E\ Goucher. Its whole first Story is occupied with 

Jhemistry, Physics and Biology lecture-rooms and labora- 
ories, well lighted, ventilated through Hues, and equipped 
vith tables, sinks, troughs, hoods, hot-air chamber, fum- 

n<; chamber and Other accessories of approved method- of 

scientific instruction. 

BENNETT MEMORIAL HALL is the College 
rymnasium, — the gifl of Mr. I>. F. Bennett, of Balti- 

DOre, who dedicated it to the memory of his deceased 

vile. It is of Port Deposit granite, two stories in height, 
•ontains a swimming pool and walking track, is fitted 
vith the best modern appliances for both genera] and 
special gymnastic movements, including a set of 37 
Sander machines, and is in even respect the equal of 

my edifice devoted to the physical training of women. 

rhe department of Physical Training is coordinate with 
he Literary and Scientific Departments. It is in the 
6 



82 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

charge of a full Professor, a regularly educated physician, 
who has acquired valuable experience in both hospital 
and private practice and has given special attention to 
the study of Mechanical Therapeutics in Stockholm, 
Berlin, Paris and England. The Swedish system of 
training is used, and the instructors, who are graduates 
of the Royal Central Institute of Stockholm, Sweden, 
are acquainted both theoretically and practically with all 
the features of that system. 

THE COLLEGE HOMES. — These delightful build- 
ings have been planned with careful attention to the wants 
of those who are expected to occupy them. Xo money 
has been lavished on mere 1 embellishment, but no expense 
has been spared to render the interior cheerful and home- 
like. They are duplicates of each other, four stories in 
heiarht, containing rooms for sixty-five students. There 
arc no instruction rooms; they are wholly devoted to the 
purpose of residence. Elevators, two for each building, 
render all floors equally accessible. The dining-room and 
kitchen are upon the top floor, thus securing freedom from 
odors and gases. The plumbing has been done upon 
scientific principles and in a thorough manner; ventila- 
tion is perfect. A large parlor and an open hall upon 
each floor meet the social needs of the residents. The 
Homes arc fitted with perfect tire-escapes and an ample 
stairway at each end of the halls. They are heated 
throughout with hot water, lighted with gas and ade- 
quately supplied with baths. The floors of the rooms 
and halls are covered with rugs. 

COLLEGE CHAPEL.— The Chapel of the First 
Methodist Episcopal Church is, by the courtesy of the 



Educational Institutions. 83 

Trustees, used for this purpose. It is connected with 
Goucher Hall by means of a bridge, and in it are held 
the morning religious exercises and the entertainments 
given by or to the students. 

ST. MARY'S SEMINARY OF ST. SULPICK is 
the oldest Catholic theological seminary in the United 
States. It occupies a series of substantial buildings, 
surrounded by spacious grounds and enclosed by a high 
brick wall, on the square bounded by Paca, Druid Hill 
avenue, Pennsylvania avenue and St. Mary's street. The 
Seminary owes its foundation in the first instance to 
Father Andre Emery, Superior-General of St. Sulpice, 
who, to save his Society from the destruction which the 
French National Assembly of 1790 threatened, conceived 
the project of founding a colony in the New World for 
the training of clerical candidates. The first episcopal 
See in the United States had just been erected in Balti- 
more, and Rt. Rev. John Carroll, the newly-consecrated 
Bishop, heartily favored the plan. In 1791 a little band 
of four Snlpicians, headed by Father Nagot, crossed over 
from Paris, and at once opened a Seminary on the same 
spot that is now occupied by the present institution. 

The limited number of young men who presented 
themselves for theological training (for the Catholics at 
that period were few and far scattered), induced the Snl- 
picians of St. Mary's to open a second school or academy, 
known as St. Mary's College, for secular education. This 
institution rapidly grew in numbers, and its reputation 
spread over the country and even abroad. In 1805 it 
was raised by the Legislature of Maryland to the rank of 
a University and granted the power of conferring degrees. 



84 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

For many years it flourished, exercising a most important 
educational influence upon the community and number- 
ing among its students men who subsequently graced the 
most varied walks of life. But the Sulpicians never 
forgot the prime purpose of their institution, and in 1 852, 
circumstances favoring, the general College department 
(to the great regret of the best people in Baltimore) was 
closed, as meanwhile a school, the sphere of which was 
limited to preparatory clerical training, had been opened 
in Howard County, on lands donated for the purpose by 
the venerable Charles Carroll, the signer of the Declara- 
tion of Independence. Before this one of their number, 
Father Dubois, had in 1809 founded Mt. St. Mary's Col- 
lege, Emmittsburg, which institution was later on given 
up by the community, as they found it impracticable to 
continue it as a preparatory school. 

After the Seminary was disentangled from the City 
College in 1852, the number of seminarians grew apace, 
and henceforth the Seminary steadily increased in prestige 
and efficiency. New buildings were erected at different 
times during the century, and in 1877 the first part of 
the present imposing edifice was occupied. Since then 
this building has been extended by the addition of wings. 
Among the Alumni of the institution are His Eminence the 
Cardinal, and many of the most honored in the ranks of the 
higher and lower Catholic clergy in the United States. 

The most notable event in the history of the Seminary 
occurred in the Autumn of 1884, when the sessions of the 
Third Plenary Council were held within its walls. An 
event almost as memorable in the life of the Seminary 
itself was the Centennial celebration of its founding, 
which took place on October 28th and 29th, 1891. 



Educational Institutions. 85 

McDONOGH FARM SCHOOL.— On the Western 
Maryland Railroad, within easy access of the city, is 
located one of the most remarkable hoys' schools in the 
United States. It owes its existence to the philanthropy 
of John McDonogh, a wealthy merchant of Baltimore 
and New Orleans, who left one-eighth of the net income 
of his property for the establishment of a farm school 
near Baltimore. A farm of 835 acres was purchased and 
a handsome building erected. Here a body of 110 boys 
live, study, work and play like one great family. They 
perform the lighter work of the farm, — planting, weeding, 
binding and threshing. A printing office is conducted, 
where a weekly paper, The Week, is issued. Carpenter 
shops and machine shops are in active operation. Though 
confessedly a farm school and a manual training school, 
indoor studies are not allowed to suffer, and a graduate is 
prepared to enter any of the colleges of the country. An 
interesting account of the school from the pen of Mr. 
Charles D. Lanier will be found in The Review of Reviews, 
for May, 1892. A remarkable and scholarly monograph 
upon the curious social customs among the boys, entitled 
" Rudimentary Society Among Boys/' has been written by 
Mr. John Johnson, of Baltimore, and is published in the 
Johns Hopkins University Studies in History and Political 
Science. 

MEDICAL COLLEGES. 

Medical education in Baltimore prior to 1789 was 
obtained by the aspirant passing some years under the 
tutelage of some member of the profession, and in a few 
instances by attending lectures at an European university. 



86 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

The Medical Society of Baltimore was then formed for 
the promotion of medical knowledge. Lecturers were 
soon added, and the undertaking was attended with some 
success. Ten years later the Medical Chirurgical Faculty 
was established by act of the General Assembly. This 
society was authorized to elect a medical board of ex- 
aminers, who were to grant licenses to practice medicine 
after a sufficient test of the fitness of applicants. 

In 1808 the General Assembly chartered the College 
of Medicine of Maryland, and four years later it was 
made one of the brandies of the University of Maryland. 
The history of that institution has already been noted. 

In 1833 the Washington Medical College was formed. 
Its first building was on Holliday street, opposite the old 
City Hall. It prospered so that it soon afterwards erected 
the building on Broadway now occupied by the Church 
Home. This location proved too remote, and the college 
was moved to the New Assembly Rooms building at 
Lombard and Hanover streets. In 1851 mismanagement 
led to the closing up of the institution. It was revived 
in 1867, and occupied the building on the northeast corner 
of Calvert and Saratoga streets. 

COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. 
In 1872 differences in the faculty of the above medical col- 
lege led to a split, and the dissenting wing organized the 
present institution. Although the first course of lectures 
was attended by twenty-five students, it rapidly expanded, 
and in 1877 absorbed the older body. It now occupies a 
handsome building of pressed brick with brown stone 
trimmings at the corner of Calvert and Saratoga streets. 
The faculty consists of eleven professors and fourteen 



Educational Institutions. 87 

assistants. The college exercises exclusive control over 
the Baltimore City Hospital, whose new building adjoins 
its own, and over the Maryland Lying-in Asylum. It 
also has the privileges of Bay View Asylum, Hebrew 
Hospital, Children's Nursery and Hospital, and other 
institutions. 

THE BALTIMORE MEDICAL. COLLEGE, on 
Howard street above Madison, organized in 1881, has 
entire control of the Maryland General Hospital on 
Linden avenue, with its Eye and Ear, and Lying-in 
departments. It has a faculty of eleven professors and 
nine assistants. Its students in 1891 numbered one hun- 
dred and twenty-four, of whom fifty-two were graduated. 

THE BALTIMORE UNIVERSITY was founded 
in 1884 by former members of the Baltimore Medical 
College. It consists of a School of Medicine, with dental 
and veterinary departments, and a Law School. It has 
met with pronounced success, its students numbering in 
1891 one hundred and twenty-four, of whom fifty-two 
were graduated. 

THE WOMAN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE was or- 
ganized in 1882. It is situated on Druid Hill avenue, 
corner of Hoffman street. The Hospital of the Good 
Samaritan is under its control. Its faculty numbers 
twelve professors, with many lecturers and assistants. 
Twenty-two students were in attendance during its last 
session. The institution has met with considerable suc- 
cess, and may be said to have paved the way for the 
admission of female students to the Johns Hopkins Uni- 
versity Medical School when it opens, a large endowment 
fund having been offered and accepted on condition that 



88 Guide to the (My of Baltimore. 

the facilities of the institution be open to women as well 
as men. 

THE BALTIMORE COLLEGE OF DENTAL 
SURGERY was the first dental college organized in 
the world. It was chartered by the Legislature of Mary- 
land, and has had an uninterrupted career of growth and 
expansion. The college was first established on Sharp, 
between Lombard and Pratt streets, and after several 
removals was finally located at its present site on the 
southeast corner of Franklin and Eutaw streets. The 
structure occupied is four stories in height and admir- 
ably equipped for its purposes. 

THE MARYLAND COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 
was organized in 1840, and now occupies the large build- 
ing at the corner of Fayette and Aisquith streets. This 
structure was erected in 1830, and was the first public 
grammar school building built in Baltimore. 

PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS.— Baltimore is particu- 
larly fortunate in the possession of a large number of 
educational institutions, for both sexes, that can be 
classed under this head. Especially notable are Calvert 
Institute, with a magnificent white stone building at 
the corner of Cathedral and Mulberry streets; Bryn 
Mawk School, whose fine home at the corner of Cathe- 
dral and Preston streets is the gift of Miss Mary Garrett ; 
Academy of the Visitation, on Centre street and 
Park avenue ; Oliver Hibernian Free School, on 
North near Saratoga streets ; Loyola College, under 
the direction of the Jesuit Fathers, on Calvert and 
Madison streets; Mt. I>e Sales Academy, Frederick 
Road near Catonsville ; Notre Dame of Maryland, 
on the Baltimore and Lehigh Railroad. 



X. 

ART AND SCIENCE. 



THE PEABODY INSTITUTE. 

FOUNDATION. — This great foundation was en- 
dowed by George Peabody, an American banker, who 
at that time resided in London, but who had made the 
first part of his great fortune in Baltimore, between the 
years 1815 and 1836. A strong friendship for the 
people of this city led him to determine that he would 
found an institution which should advance the intel- 
lectual and moral culture of the whole community. In 
the year 1854, after consultation with friends in Balti- 
more as to the kind of institution which might best 
fulfil his purposes, he proceeded to develop the scheme. 
With the aid of the Hon. John P. Kennedy and one or 
two other associates, he matured a plan which he embodied 
in a letter, dated February 12, 1857, to twenty-five 
gentlemen of this city whom he selected to be trustees to 
carry his designs into effect. At the same time he placed 
a fund of $300,000 (subsequently increased to $1/240,000) 
at their disposal, to be expended in securing a site, erect- 
ing a building, and maintaining an educational establish- 
ment of the highest order, which should includea Library, 

89 



90 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

a School of Lectures, an Academy of Music, a Gallery of 
Art and a System of Premiums to the High Schools of 
the city. These gentlemen accepted the trust in the spirit 
of the founder, and immediately proceeded to secure a 
piece of ground for a building. A site was selected on 
Mount Vernon Place near the Washington Monument, 
and a massive white marble building, 150 feet long by 
75 leet wide, was begun in 1858, and the corner-stone 
laid on the 16th of April, 1859. This wing was finished 
and ready tor use in the autumn of 1861. 

During the first three years, the collections of books 
grew less rapidly than later, because of the high rates of 
exchange and the necessity of importing books from 
Europe. Only books of scholarly value were to be col- 
lected, and much time was spent in preparing printed 
lists of such as were suitable for a library of reference. 
From 1861 to the month of May, 1866, about 15,000 
volumes had been collected, and their titles, written on 
cards, were placed in drawers for the free use of all 
persons who came to read in the Library. A new appro- 
priation of $100,000 was then made for books and maps. 
Large orders were sent to the three agents in Europe, and 
great numbers of volumes were shipped to the Institute 
before the close of the year 1866. The Library, which 
had been placed and arranged on the second floor of the 
west wing, was formally opened to the public on October 
25, 1866, in the presence of the founder. 

The work of the Institute was now in full operation. 
The Library was open to the public from 9 until 4 o'clock 
daily, except Sunday ; courses of lectures were delivered 
in the autumn and winter, public concerts of orchestral 



Art and Science. 91 

music were given in the large hall, and premiums of 
money and gold medals were annually conferred upon 
the most distinguished graduates of the city high schools. 
By 1867 the library had secured more than 22,000 bound 
volumes, and the written catalogue included about 100,000 
cards. Two years later a more complete organization of 
nearly all departments of the Institute had been developed 
and plans of management adopted which have mostly con- 
tinued to the present time. 

Mr. Peabody placed the Library first in his scheme of 
organization, and recognizing this fact, the new Provost, 
Dr. N. H. Morison, directed his most earnest attention to 
the steady increase of the already valuable collection of 
books, until at the time of his death in November, 1890, 
the Library contained 100,000 volumes. He also super- 
intended the construction of the catalogue, directed the 
series of lectures, attended to the general interests of the 
Conservatory of Music, and regulated the business of the 
Institute in connection with the Committee controlling 
the several departments. 

In the month of April, 1875, a new wing of the build- 
ing was added. This new division extended the front to 
a width of nearly 175 feet, and gave place for a Library 
Hall and work rooms capable of accommodating nearly 
500,000 volumes, a reading-room with space for seating 
100 persons, two large rooms on the second floor to hold 
statuary, and a basement divided into two fine Lecture 
Halls, with the accompanying smaller rooms and janitor's 
apartments. 

After the completion of the building, the library, num- 
bering 40,000 volumes, was removed to the new wing; 



92 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

and the old hall was fitted for and occupied by the Gallery 
of Paintings. No further alterations of note have since 
been made, and this " University for the People" is now 
carrying the blessings of the higher education down to 
the e very-day life of this community, and touching all 
the outlying sections of the neighborhood with the bene- 
dictions pronounced by Mr. Peabody. 

LIBRARY. — This important department of the In- 
stitute has reached a position of great importance to all 
classes of the community, but especially to the Johns 
Hopkins University, and to members of the learned pro- 
fessions, resident in this city. At the present time it 
numbers nearly 100,000 volumes, distributed throughout 
almost everv branch of knowledge. Free to all, and as 
accessible as it can be readily made, it is meant to be the 
study of the student and the resort of the investigator. 
The treasures that it contains are limited to no country, 
language or time. It seeks to get the best that exists, in 
all topics of human investigation. The material with 
which it is most fully endowed is that of history, repre- 
sented by more than 12,000 volumes. Science in all its 
branches embraces at least 11,000 volumes. English 
literature, including the drama, essays and criticism, 
comprehends more than 5,500 volumes. Biography is 
still richer in the number of volumes, while more than 
5,000 volumes of English and foreign periodicals deco- 
rate the shelves at the north end of the Library. The 
fine arts, archaeology and music occupy a large place 
in the collection, as likewise do the works relating to 
oriental literature, the Greek and Latin classics, phil- 
ology in all branches, and the best of all, the voyages 



Art and Science. 93 

and travels of ancient and modern times. Nearlv all 
the books referred to in Professor C. K. Adams' Manual 
of Historical Literature may be found there, as likewise 
those in Tylor's History of Primitive Culture, in Lecky's 
History of European Morals, in Lea's History of the 
Inquisition, in Darwin's Origin of Species, etc. Works 
which have been jealously guarded as unique treasures 
in one or another of the public libraries of England or 
France have been reprinted by subscription, and now 
substantial copies of these rareties grace the collections of 
the Peabody Library. The printing clubs which have 
sprung up in England and Scotland, such as the Spenser 
Society, the Chaucer Society, the Early English Text 
Society, the Fuller Worthies Library, etc., and have 
published choice literary gems from private libraries, are 
likewise well represented in this Library. Time fails for 
the enumeration of many of the good things that are now 
being enjoyed by students in the Library of the Peabody 
Institute. 

By a recent decision of the Trustees the Library is 
kept open during all the fall and winter months from 9 
o'clock in the morning until 10.30 at night. 

GALLERY OF ART. — Above the Library is the 
Gallery of Art. Here is an extensive collection of 
antique casts, presented by the late John W. Garrett. 
In another part are reproductions of Renaissance and 
modern art from the same donor. The Rinehart corridor 
contains the original casts of portrait busts from the 
Roman studio of the distinguished American sculptor. 
They were brought from Rome in 1874 and deposited in 
the Institute by his executors in 1879. A case near by 



94 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

contains Rinehart's professional instruments and a laurel 
wreath made by the artists of Rome and laid upon his 
coffin. A case of antique terra-cottas, belonging to the 
Baltimore Branch of the Archaeological Institute of 
America, contains some rare types of early ceramic work. 
The gems of the Gallery are a series of marbles and 
bronzes, the legacy of John W. McCoy, contained in the 
Clytie room. The apartment takes its name from the 
central figure, Rinehart's masterpiece. In the same room 
are EzekiePs Head of Christ, and Faith, and a finely- 
executed bust of Mr. McCoy, by Keyser. The picture gal- 
lery is almost entirely the gift of Mr. McCoy. It contains 
some of the best specimens of American art, including 
canvasses by Hovenden, Bolton Jones, A. J. H. Way and 
Rembrandt Peale. Catalogues can be secured at the desk. 
CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC— A large part of 
the west wing, above the lecture hall, is occupied by the 
Conservatory of Music, where the Director, Mr. Asger 
Hamerik, assisted by six Professors, conducts the studies 
of advanced pupils who, after critical examination, have 
been admitted to the privileges of the department of 
music. In the large hall, lectures and symphony concerts 
of the highest grade are given during the winter season, 
and in the smaller halls musical recitals and students' 
concerts are conducted throughout the scholastic term. 



WALTERS' ART GALLERY. 

The galleries of Mr. William T. Walters, No. 5 Mt. 
Vernon Place, contain the finest private art collection in 
this country. No hint of this is afforded by the exterior 



Art and Science. 9 5 

of the plain, old-fashioned house under the shadow of the 
Washington Monument. Spacious and substantial, it has 
the air of permanence peculiar to the houses of Mount 
Vernon Place and nothing more. The large parlors 
contain bronzes, cases of rare old silver, and groups of 
Royal Worcester, Dresden and Sevres, which elsewhere 
would be counted noteworthy. There is a dainty chamber 
fitted up in blue, with furniture and wall-hangings of the 
time of Marie Antoinette. There is another furnished in 
the old Dutch style, with richly-carved cabinet, a delight- 
ful writing desk, with brass mountings. Another upper 
room contains bronzes and water colors by Barye, who 
was among French artists in bronze what Rosa Bonheur 
is among painters. Rare French vases and bronzes catch 
the eye in the panelled dining-room. 

The first gallery at the rear of the house is lined and 
nearly filled with cases of porcelains. On the walls hang 
tapestries with colors as soft and beautiful as those of 
the Persian rugs upon the floor. In the centre, upon a 
stand of teak wood and brass, is a bronze some eight feet 
high, with dragons writhing up its sides toward the figure 
of a daimio on top. The slight ebony framework of these 
great cases presents no interference with the splendid effect 
of the porcelains within. Here are vases fashioned under 
the famous Ming dynasty, 1368-1649 ; others of the early 
eighteenth century, showing in their decorations the effect 
of European influences; here is a stately array of blue 
and white ware, with the so-called hawthorn, really plum- 
blossom, decoration, and near by is a little vase, perhaps 
rarest of all to connoisseurs, with white panels relieved 
by black, upon which the hawthorn pattern reappears. 



96 Guide to the City of Baltimore, 

There is no time here i<> dwell upon the solid colors, the 
bullock's blood, ( Jhinese while, turquoise, mustard yellow, 
sage green and tea color, or upon the one hundred and 
fifty examples of egg-shell porcelain. There are 1,400 
specimens of the Chinese ceramic art, each selected by 
Mr. Walters or by his son, who inherits his cultivated 
tastes and fine judgment, for i( is worth while to bear in 
mind thai this is not a dealer's collection, but every object 
is the result of the ripe experience of the collector. 

Japanese as well as Chinese art Hnds a place in this 
gallery. 'There is a case of genuine Satsuma, whose 
creamy yellow and pale chocolate hues and delicate 
crackle are known to most people only through imita- 
tions. There are 100 Japanese porcelains and potteries, 
and the whole ceramic display illustrates the history of 
the ait for over 800 years. Nothing now can be said of 
the drawers filled with Chinese flagons and Japanese sword 
guards, pipes and lot) swords, " the jewelry of Japan." 

In a covered bridge extending over an alley from this 
lirst room to the picture gallery are scores of bronzes, 
including several by Saymin and Gorosa, among which 
is a little group of the most exquisite porcelains in the 
collection, examples of the bullock's blood, peach-blow 
and coral splashes. In the picture gallery are four large 
cases containing royal lacquers, and rows of drawers Idled 
with Netsukes, ivory carvings and Inros. 

This is the sum of the Oriental department, — some 
200 bronzes, 200 metal objects of gold, silver, iron and 
copper; ISO swords, 300 sword guards, and 400 other 
appliances of the sword ; 500 ivory carvings, and 500 
lacquers, illustrating the history of lacquer-work for 



Art and Science. 97 

over 700 years. With the porcelains and a few miscel- 
laneous pieces, the Oriental department contains 4,100 
objects, chosen, in the language of the collector, "to 
secure characteristic example of the beautiful, rather 
than of the merely curious. " 

The gallery of oil paintings represent a similarly intel- 
ligent and catholic process of judgment. 

Mr. Walters has reversed the principle of nothing for 
art and everything for show. There is no other collec- 
tion of pictures in America that equals in importance and 
interest his collection. There are great public galleries 
in Europe that far overshadow it, especially in their dis- 
play of the works of the middle-age masters; but there 
is no collection, public or private, in Europe that equals 
it in its high standard of excellence or in the variety of* 
the schools represented, nor are there anywhere galleries 
so handsome, so agreeable in proportion, or so fitting in 
adaptation to use and in beauty of decoration. The pic- 
tures themselves are a complete index to the best art of 
this century. Nothing is missing, and every example is 
of the best manner of the master it represents. There 
can be no higher purpose in forming a collection than is 
herein implied, and it has been maintained steadily from 
the beginning. 

The collector has had in mind to illustrate the art his- 
tory of the century by examples of men whose influence 
had been most strongly felt. In France, art expression of 
the religious sentiment of Ary Scheffer and the fiery spirit 
of Horace Yernet are followed by examples of Delacroix 
and Delaroche, and these by examples of Jalabert and 
Yvon ; four works by Gerome, including the " Diogenes " 
7 



98 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

and "Christian Martyrs:" five by Millet, four by Rous- 
seau, three by Corot, three by Fromentin, tour by Dau- 
bigny, three by Dupre and a Troyon. 

One croup of four Landscapes, which include Rousseau's 
magnificent " Winter Solitude," is the artistic center of the 
collection. Couture, Decamps, Gleyre, Esabey, Saint Jean, 
Plassan, with Meissonier, Herbert. Schreyer, De Xeuville, 
Detaille, Jacque, Van Marcke and Ziem, — these names 
may serve to indicate the extent to which French art is 
represented. 

Fortuny, Jiminez and Rico illustrate the Franco- 
Spanish school; Baron Leys' "Edict of Charles Y," 
speaks for modern Belgian art ; the Achenbachs, Preyer, 
Vautier and Iliddemann represent Dusseldorfj Gallait 
and Clays, Brussels; Professor Muller, Vienna; Carl 
Becker and Knaus, Berlin ; Miilais, Alma Tadema and 
Boughton, England ; and America is represented by 
Gilbert Stuart. A. B. Durand, C. L. Elliott, George A. 
Baker, F. E. Church, Eastman Johnson and H. Bolton 
Jones. Necessarily in so small a collection, the repre- 
sentation is little more than an incomplete expression 
of the collector's purpose. Among other pictures Millet's 
original design in black and white for the "Angelus" 
easily stands first in point of interest. 

The water-color room opening from the first gallery 
contains water colors by Alma Tadema, Green, Fortuny, 
Meissonier, a drawing in india ink by Rousseau, and 
another in ink ami pastel, together with statues by Rine- 
hart and Palmer. 1 

! The Gallery is described in detail in The 'Times and The Sun of 
New York, February 27. 188 



Art and Science. 99 

The Gallery is open to the public at a nominal fee, 
fehe proceeds of which are devoted to a public charity, 
every Wednesday in February and March, and Wednes- 
days and Saturdays in April. Also on February 22, and 
Easter Mondav. 

MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIi:TY.— This 
body was organized in 1844 for the purpose of arranging 
and collecting material relating to the early history of 
the State. The result of a half century's activity is a 
substantial building, known as the Athenaeum Building, 
on Saratoga near Charles streets, an art gallery, and a 
priceless collection of manuscripts, documentary records, 
volumes and pamphlets. The Society has done inestima- 
ble service in rescuing and causing to be published under 
scholarly editorship the neglected Provincial Records 
of Maryland. The building is reached from a side 
entrance on Saratoga street. The first floor is devoted 
to library and reading-room purposes, and contains a 
vault where are stored the manuscript records of the 
Society. A winding stair leads to the second floor, 
where three connecting galleries are tilled with paintings 
and curios, forming what has been called the finest col- 
lection of ancient art in the United States. 

The central and largest one, in shape and mode of 
lighting almost identical with one of the many rooms in 
the Louvre, contains about 200 paintings. Several are 
of colossal size. There are three Murillos, full of his 
usual brightness; two fine examples of P. P. Rubens ; a 
Rembrandt landscape, poetry on canvas ; landscapes by 
Adrian Vandenvelde, Moncheron, Snayres and others. 
There are marines by Vernst, Brooking, Vandeuvelde 

L.cfC. 



100 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

and Backhuysen. A Dutch merry-making is by Jan 

Van St ion. 

There are also portraits by Allori, Sir Joshua Rey- 
nolds, Sir Thomas Lawrence, Gilbert Stuart. Sully, 
Angelica Kauffman, the modern W. P. Frith and others. 
Five colossal paintings, good copies, are of the noted and 
priceless treasures of European art museums. " Madonna, 
San Sixtus."' Ratfaelle: " Marriage at (ana." Paul Vero- 
nese : " Le Xotte," Correggio : " Peter Martyr/ 5 Titian ; 
" Communion of St. Jerome," Domenichino. There is 
also a genuine " Madonna " by Kailaelle Sanzio himself, 
exquisite in tone and the gem of the collection. In 
statuary there are copies of the master-works, " The 
Dying Gladiator," "Venus," "Canova," and "Apollo 
Belvidere." In addition to all this, the reception-room 
is furnished with quaint curios from everywhere — armor, 
bust>. models, curious stones and the like, while the 
farther gallery contains a rare collection of historical 
portraits, among which are large paintings of Washing- 
ton, Lafayette, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton. The 
collection of other portraits is ample and interesting. 

The Gallery is open from 10 a. m. till 4 p. M., when a 
cultivated lady custodian receives visitors, and assists by 
explanations to a thorough" appreciation of the collection. 

MARYLAND ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.— This 
body was organized in 1863, and for many years was 
loeated on Mulberry near Cathedral streets. The build- 
ing contained an almost complete collection of the fauna 
and flora of the State, besides minerals, Indian relies, ete. 
A considerable part was exhibited in the Maryland State 
Building at the Centennial Exhibition in 187b, and again 



Art and Science. 101 

at the New Orleans Exposition in 1884. The building 
of the Academy was condemned in 1883 in order to 
extend Cathedral street, and the cases of specimens were 
removed to the Athenaeum Building. These quarters 
proving inadequate, and failing to receive proper encour- 
agement, the Academy turned over its entire natural 
history collection to the Johns Hopkins University. 
Recently Mr. Enoch Pratt purchased and presented to 
the institution the old Maryland Club building, corner 
of Cathedral and Franklin streets. This welcome gift 
has infused new life into the almost defunct organization, 
and it has been successfully reorganized. 

MARYLAND INSTITUTE. — The extensive granite 
building erected over historic Marsh or Centre Market, 
at Baltimore and Harrison streets, is the home of this 
organization. Formed originally in 1818 as a mechanics' 
institute, it has gradually expanded until it now includes 
a library, a night school, and a school of design, around 
which last centers its chief activity. The course of instruc- 
tion is complete and elaborate, and the work accomplished 
and results attained are of a high order. The institution is 
largely sustained by its own membership, but receives an 
annual appropriation from the city, in return for which 
each Councilman is entitled to appoint a holder of a free 
scholarship. Annual exhibitions of students' work are 
held and attract much attention. 

CHARCOAL CLUB. — This organization was founded 
by a few Baltimore artists and some outsiders interested 
in art. The former wished frequent meetings for mutual 
improvement, the latter wanted to meet the artists. The 
original membership was accordingly mainly composed 



102 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

of amateurs and art lovers, whose wealth made the Club 
possible. From its inception the Club was distinctly 
Bohemian. A few rooms were first rented on North 
Charles street. Here the members met every night, 

talked art and nothing else, and made the air blue with 
tobacco smoke. The Club continued to flourish and to 
grow in popularity, until now its usefulness is un- 
questioned. 

The present headquarters of the Club are at the north- 
west corner of Howard and Franklin streets, over the 
Provident Savings Bank. The building is a neat and 
substantial, but unpretentious one. and but few who pass 
it stop to consider its vital importance to the city as a 
cradle and nursery of art. It is a truly unique institu- 
tion of Baltimore's social life, endeared alike to the 
conservative citizen of education and refinement, the man 
of fashion, the respectable Bohemian and the artist, which 
apparently antagonistic elements it unites in an associa- 
tion at once odd and congenial. 

A day school is in active operation under an instructor 
of great ability. Models are supplied without expense to 
students, and every facility for study is afforded. A night 
lite class meets three times a week to draw from the nude, 
while on Saturday there is an extra class, composed largely 
of voting women engaged in stores and school teaching. 

DECORATIVE ART SOCIETY.— An interesting 
display of artistic handiwork can always be seen at the 
rooms of this organization, 315 North Charles street. Its 
object is to promote all matters relating to decorative art, 
and to give means of self-support to those fitted specially 
for such work, by instruction in the proper principles of 



Art and Science. 103 

art and by the opportunity to dispose of finished work. 
Two classes are maintained, one in art needle-work and 
one in drawing and painting, with a number of free 
scholars in each class, and low prices for general tuition. 
Any person whatever may send art work to the Society 
for sale. Articles are examined by a committee and 
accepted or rejected, according to a standard of artistic 
merit. If accepted and if sold, the Society keeps 10 per 
cent of the sales. The Society takes orders for work of 
various kinds, and keeps constantly employed a number 
of women, many of whom have been instructed in its 
studios. 

LIBRARIES. 

ENOCH PRATT FKEE LIBRARY. — This insti- 
tution was founded by Enoch Pratt, a native of North 
Middleborough, Massachusetts, who first became a resi- 
dent of Baltimore in 1831, entering into business as a 
commission merchant. Fifty-one years after this, he 
offered to the Mayor and City Council a proposition to 
establish a Free Circulating Library for the benefit of 
the whole city. His plan was to erect for its accommo- 
dation a fire-proof building, capable of holding 200,000 
volumes, which would cost about $250,000, together with 
four branches in different parts of the city, and to give 
in addition the sum of eight hundred and thirty-three 
thousand, three hundred and thirty-three and a third 
dollars, provided the city would grant and create an 
annuity of fifty thousand dollars per annum forever, 
payable quarterly to the Board of Trustees, for the sup- 
port and maintenance of the Library and its branches. 



101 



Guide to the Cifu of Baltimore* 



The offer and the conditions being accepted, a Board 
of Trustees named by Mr, Pratt, with powers of self- 
perpetuation, was entrusted with the important duty ol 
superintendence, Mr, Pratt, in his letters to his Hoard. 
states that the books are " tor all, rich ami poor, without 
distinction of race or color, who, when properly accredited, 
can takeout the books, if they will handle them carefully 
and return them," 

The Central Building is 
on Mulberry near Cathe- 
dral streets, with a front- 
age of eightv-two toot and 
a depth of one hundred 
ami forty-two feet. The 
front is of marble, the 
building being treated in 
the bold Romanesque 
style, with characteristic 
semi-circular forms, relief 
mouldings, enriched by 
carvings and embellish- 
ments. The Branch Li- 
braries, of which there are five, arc Located as follows: 
branch No, L, corner of Fremont and Pitcher streets j 
branch No. 2, corner of Hollins and Calhoun streets; 
branch No. 3, corner of Light and Gittings streets; 
branch No. 1. corner of Canton and O'Ponnell streets; 
and branch No. 5, corner of Broadway and Miller streets, 
They arc built of brick, one story in height, tony by 
seventy feet, with high, well-lighted basements. Their 
capacity is about twenty thousand volumes each. The 




Puk Enoch Pratt Frkk Li 



Art (tad Seience. 105 

six library buildings are supplied with reading-rooms 
and stock-rooms (or the accommodation of books. 

Tin- reading-room <»C the Central Library is open to 
visitors and readers from 9 a. m. to l<> p. m. each week 
(lav, and those of the Branches from 2 p. m. to !) p. m. 

OTHER LIBRARIES takea pari in contributing to 
the culture and improvement of various classes of the 
people of Baltimore. The New Mercantile Library 
has a delightful home <>n Charles near Saratoga streets, 
and is a private circulating library and reading-room. 
The Library of St. Mary's Coixege is composed oi 
about 16,000 volumes, mostly of theological and ecclesi- 
astical literature, and now devoted to the use of semi- 
narians of lli< i order of St. Sulpice. Another important 
library in the department of ecclesiastical literature is thai 
bequeathed to the Protestant Episcopal diocese of Mary- 
land by the late Bishop Whittingham:. There is also 
a legal library of ih<' Baltimore Bar, placed in the 
courthouse, and maintained al the expense of the lawyers 
of this city; the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of 
Maryland have their LIBRARY OF MEDICAL AND SuRGI- 
oal \\«>iks, and lliis is well provided with the currenl 
journals and periodicals of the profession. The Odd 
Fellows Association have also long maintained a 
library for the benefit of their members, which now 
numbers aboul 22,000 volumes. The Methodist His- 
torical Socibtyj likewise, owns a large and valuable 
collection of books, papers and manuscripts illustrating 
the w«»rk of thai church in the United Stales. This 
library has recently been placed in the Woman's College. 



XI. 

CHARITABLE AND HUMANE 
INSTITUTIONS. 



Few cities have made more adequate or generous pro- 
vision for tlu^ relief of the sick, needy and the infirm 
than Baltimore. A " Directory of the Charitable and 
Beneficent Organizations of Baltimore," issued by the 
Local Charity Organization Society, tonus a volume of 
1 tO pages, and describes several hundred institution-. 
The appropriations made by the city to charitable insti- 
tutions in 1892 amounted to some $320,000. In the 
following pages it has been necessary to hear in mind 
the interest and desire of the ordinary visitor, rather than 
of one specially interested in philanthropic work. For 
anything like a complete enumeration, the reader is 
referred to the admirable compilation mentioned above. 

HOSPITALS AND HOMES. 

THE JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL, while not 

the largest, is certainly in construction and equipment 
the finest hospital in the world. To the visitor it ranks, 
with the Johns Hopkins University, the Peabody Insti- 
tute, and the Woman's College, as one of the local institu- 
tions of chief interest, and under no circumstances should 
106 



Charitable and Humane Institutions. 107 

he fail to examine it. The institution is conveniently 
situated, being reached either by the Aisquith street or 
Centre street cars. Wednesday afternoon, from 3 to 5 
o'clock, is especially designated as visiting day, guides 
being then provided for the thorough inspection of the 
institution. 

The beautiful grounds of the Hospital include four 
entire blocks, containing about fourteen acres, with a 
frontage of 709 feet, and extending back 356 feet. The 
elevation at the gateway is 94 feet above mean tide, at 
the base of the main building 108 feet, rising in the rear 
to 115 feet. 

The Hospital, as has been elsewhere stated, is the 
second of the two foundations of Johns Hopkins, who 
left almost his entire fortune in two equal parts for these 
purposes. During the three years which followed his 
death, the Trustees were busily engaged in procuring 
plans for the Hospital from many experts in hospital 
construction, which were finally adopted April 17, 1877. 
Excavations were begun June 23, 1877, and the work of 
construction consumed the following twelve years. The 
completed Hospital was formally opened with appro- 
priate ceremonies on May 7, 1889. 

The buildings, having a special relation to the educa- 
tional features of the institution — namely, the Amphi- 
theatre, Dispensary and Pathological Laboratory — are 
located on the northeast portion of the grounds, near 
the land owned by the Johns Hopkins University, upon 
which the buildings of the Medical Department are to 
be placed. In addition to the buildings shown on the 
block plan, the original plan of the institution provides 



108 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

for a row of five wards on the south side, opposite to and 
corresponding with the row of buildings on the north side 
of the lot. All the buildings, except the gate lodge, the 
Pathological Laboratory, the laundry and the stable, are 
connected by a covered corridor, the top of which forms 
an open terrace walk. Beneath the covered corridor is a 
passage-way, containing the pipes for heating, lighting, 
water supply, sewage, etc., which is called the pipe tunnel, 
and is really a half-basement passage rather than a tunnel. 
The buildings are constructed of brick, with trimmings 
of Cheat River stone and moulded terracotta. Those on 
the main, or west front, are constructed of pressed brick. 
The foundations of the principal buildings are of a solid 
concrete base or of broad flags of Port Deposit granite. 
The interior construction is of like kind. The floors of 
all wards and rooms for the sick are of edge-grain Georgia 
pine, which was soaked in water for six months and then 
preserved dry for several years before it was dressed for 
use. 

Perhaps the most remarkable feature of the Hospital 
is its method of heating and ventilation. The system of 
heating is that known as a " hot water system/' and con- 
sists of a network of iron pipes through which circulates 
hot water of comparatively low pressure and temperature. 
The heat is furnished by two sets of boilers, from which 
the heated water passes out through the main delivery 
pipes, which are of cast iron, with an inside diameter of 
26 inches. From these " mains " branches are given off 
to each building. These branches in turn give off smaller 
branches to supply the coils over which the air to be 
heated passes. From these coils the water which has been 



Charitable and Humane Institutions. 109 

cooled in heating the air returns to the boilers byaseoond 
system of pipes exactly analogous to that jus! described, 
except that it is located <>n ;i lower level. The circuit is, 
therefore, a closed one, none of the water being drawn off 
or used at any point. The force which sets the water in 
circulation is the difference in weight between the heated 

Water which passes mil from the boilers and I he cooled 
Water which leaves (he coils on its return to the boilers. 

The two columns of water being ol* equal height, but of 
different temperatures (the difference ordinarily being from 
8°-15° F\), have, therefore, different specific gravities. 

By means of valves upon the mains, the branches and 
the coils, the velocity of the flow and consequently the 
amount id' heat required in any building, <>r at a given 
point in that building, may easily he regulated. 

The entire system contains about 175,000 gallons of 
water, and produces an equable agreeable temperature in 
all the buildings to which it is distributed under all con- 
ditions of cold weather and with the fullest ventilation. 

The system of ventilation, which is inseparable from 
the heating, depends for its force, like the circulating 

water, upon the difference in specific gravity between 

equal volumes of air of different temperatures. Under 

each ward are TJ of (he coils above referred to. Each 
coil is located in a brick Hue, which conducts the air 
upward over the coil and into a register with a clear 
opening of one square foot located in the wall of the 

Ward just above the lloor and between the beds. At the 
hot (om of each of these Hues are two openings, — one 
admitting air directly from outside, the other admit- 
ting air from the basement, or ventilating chamber, — the 



1 1 

wl ile v, •.--. r the purpose atul used tor 

wes g against the outside 

wall v give rise t draughts in the w - 

whereas - - and the . 

admitted to the vent - which 

windows, its 
will i destroyed and it will igh tho 

Sues ss i the • 

■■ 

Ft - ass - 

bed, rhes gs ght into 

. larg in 

i passes an 

■ pef 
s located as 

L in this coil is s 

this sh* 
agisters, thos a sh 

wards, an so construct - 

rhe tern] I ssing in 

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possession 

sftremes irm 

admitted as 

ited 

- g 

\ risfcs bis 

^-opening in 

gs 

d. 



WOLFE ST. 




BROADV/AY 



J0HN8 HOPKINS hospital— PLAT OF BUILDINGS, 



a. Administration Building. 

Bi Female Pay Ward. 

G. Male Pay VVanl. 

i>. Male Surgical Ward. 

K. Female Surgical Ward. 

F, Male Medical Ward. 

<;. Female Medical Ward. 

H. Gynaecologioal Ward. 

I. Isolating Ward. 



K. Kilclien. 

L. Laundry. 

N. Nurses' Home. 

0. Dispensary. 

II. Pathological Building. 

8. Stable. 

u. Amphitheatre. 

X. Apothecary's Building. 

Y. I "iii.lt House. 



Charitable and Humane Institutions. I I I 

object of these openings is ili<' liberation oi over-heated 
air, and experiment has shown that al such limes as the 
lical is loo greal for comfort the temperature in (he ward 
can easily be brought to a point of comforl in ten or 
fifteen minutes by opening these ventilators. Ordinarily 
these openings arc kept closed. 

The objecl aimed at in lliis system of ventilation and 

heating lias been to supply to each individual occupying 

the ward at least one cubic Cool of fresh ail' per second, 

of such a temperature as to give rise at no lime to feel- 
ings of discomfort ; and this end has been gained. 

CITY HOSPITAL. — This occupies a nc\\ and well- 

equipped structure of pressed I trick, with stone trimmings, 
on Calvert and Saratoga streets, the site of the "Old City 
Spring." It is under l he medical care of (he College <>f* 
Physicians and Surgeons, and was built by the Sisters of 

Mercy. It contains abonl 300 beds, of which 75 are 

sustained by the city. A new building for the use of 
colored patients is now under process of erection. 

Other similar institutions are the Maryland Uni- 
versity Hospital, on Lombard and Greene streets, 
under the University of Maryland School of Medicine; 
the MARYLAND GENERAL HOSPITAL, 809 Linden avenue, 
under the Baltimore Medical College; the Maryland 
Homoeopathic Hospital, on 320 North Paca street; 
St. Joseph's Hospital, on Caroline and Hodman 
streets. 

The Church Home and Infirmary occupies a fine 
structure on Broadway and Hampstead si reel, and pro- 
vides a home for sick and otherwise distressed persons 
belonging to the Protestant Episcopal Church and for 



112 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

others. Home or the Aged oe the Methodist Epis- 
copal Church is a similar institution, with a well-built 
structure at the corner of Fulton avenue and Franklin 
street. The Hebrew Hospital and Asylum, on 

Monument and Ann streets, oilers surgical treatment 
and medical service and care to needy sick persons of all 
creeds, and a permanent home for the infirm and desti- 
tute The German Home for Aged Persons, on 
Baltimore and Pason streets, affords a permanent home 
to aged men and women of Baltimore, without regard to 
nationality or religion. The Aged Men's Home, at 
the cornci- of Lexington and Calhoun streets, and the 
Aged Women's Home adjoining, receive persons upon 
the payment of a certain fee, varying according to age 
and residence. 

ORPHAN ASYLUMS. 

BALTIMORE ORPHAN ASYLUM, now located 
on the east side of Strieker, above Lexington streets, is 
one of the oldest charitable institutions of the city. It 
was incorporated as early as 1778 and received its present 
name in 184G. It is designed for the physical mainte- 
nance and moral and intellectual education of orphan 
children of both sexes and all denominations. The chil- 
dren enter the institution at an early age, receive a plain 
but substantial education, and are trained to habits of 
good order and industry. To be admitted the child 
must have lost one or both parents, must be five years 
of age, and must remain under the control of the insti- 
tution until the age of eighteen tor girls and twenty-one 
for boys. 



Charitable and Humane Institutions. 113 

THE GERMAN ORPHAN ASYLUM is on Ais- 

quith, south of Orleans streets. The present building was 
completed in 1874, and is constructed of brick with Ohio 
stone trimmings. It consists of a main building and two 
wings, and has a front of one hundred and twenty-five 
feet. Its general object is the care and education of 
destitute children. Boys and girls of any nationality or 
denomination are admitted. Children are sent to the 
public schools and attend churches of various denomina- 
tions. The girls are taught sewing, cooking, house-work 
and laundry-work. At the age of fourteen, boys are bound 
out to learn a trade ; at the same age most of the girls 
are found homes or situations as domestics. A Ladies' 
Sewing Society makes all the children's clothes and sup- 
plies children when sent out with outfits. The capacity 
of the institution is 140, and it is sustained by the inter- 
est of an endowment, by private contributions, and by 
State aid. 

THE THOMAS WILSON SANITARIUM is a 
summer retreat for the sick children of the poor, founded 
by the philanthropist whose name it bears. The site of 
the Sanitarium, at Mt. Wilson, on the Western Maryland 
Railroad, is one of the most beautiful and healthful points 
in the vicinity of Baltimore, being 600 feet above tide- 
water. Eight buildings and a water tower are now in 
course of erection, and the full design embraces six addi- 
tional buildings, to be put up at some future time. The 
work of the Wilson Sanitarium embraces day excursions 
for sick infants aud their mothers, and continuous stay 
for a number of cases, where recovery will be promoted 
by a term of days at the Sanitarium. Colored children 
8 



1 1 4 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

as well as whites are provided for. The establishment of 
depots for the preparation and sale of food for children, 
the distribution of directions for the proper care and 
treatment oi' such infants and kindred hygienic subjects, 
and the instruction of mothers by trained nurses, are all 
within the scope of this charity. 

Of the many similar institutions, mention can only be 
made of St. Vincent's Infant Asylum, Townsend and 
Division streets, under the charge of the Sisters of Charity. 
and caring for some 175 children; Hebrew Orphan 
Asylum, on Calverton Heights, admitting children be- 
tween four and twelve, and sustained largely by private 
contributions ; Home of the Friendless, on Druid 
Hill avenue and Townsend street; Nursery and Child's 
Hospital, occupying a beautiful site on Franklin and 
Schroeder streets ; the Garrett Sanitarium for Chil- 
dren, at Mt. Airey ; the Samuel Ready Asylum for 
Female Orphans, finely situated on North and Har- 
ford avenue-. 

INSANE ASYLUMS. 

THE MARYLAND HOSPITAL FOR INSANE 

is located at Spring Grove, near Catonsville, a suburb of 
the city. The Hospital buildings are surrounded by 135 
acres of ground, and are among the most complete of 
their kind in existence, accommodating nearly five hun- 
dred patients. The institution is sustained by State, city] 
and county appropriations, and by the fees of a limited 
number of pay patients. It is controlled by a board of 
nine managers, appointed by the Governor for six years, 
three retiring every two years. The Maryland Hospital 



Charitable and Humane Institutions. 115 

was founded as a general hospital in 1797, on the site 
where the Johns Hopkins Hospital now stands. In 
1828 its control was turned over to the State, which 
vested it in a corporation. In 1840 the buildings were 
enlarged by a grant of the Legislature, and it was pro- 
vided that the Hospital should be devoted entirely to 
lunatics and insane. In 1852 the present site was pur- 
chased and the present buildings erected. 

MOUNT HOPE RETREAT is located in the midst 
of spacious and well-kept grounds at Mt. Hope, on the 
Western Maryland Railroad. It is under the manage- 
ment of the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph of Emmits- 
burg (R. C), and is supported by receipts from pay 
patients and from Baltimore City and Counties. Its 
purpose is to care for sick, inebriate and insane persons. 
Owing to lack of accommodations, but few sick are 
received. The number of inmates varies from five hun- 
dred to six hundred. Attached to the grounds, which 
contain a boating lake and picnic grounds for the use of 
patients, is a farm of some three hundred acres. 

THE SHEPPARD ASYLUM.— Among the many 
notable institutions of Baltimore and its vicinity for the 
relief of the sick or the care of the helpless, the Sheppard 
Asylum deserves special notice. It was founded by the 
late Moses Sheppard, of Baltimore, whose bequest has 
by gradual accumulation become nearly $700,000. His 
purpose was to found an institution "to carry forward 
and improve the ameliorated system of treatment of the 
insane irrespective of expense." The institution is hence 
a hospital for the cure of the insane, and not an asylum for 
the care and safe-keeping of chronic cases. It is situated 



116 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

at Sheppard Station, on the Baltimore and Lehigh R. R., 
six miles north of the city. The buildings are surrounded 
by an estate of 377 acres of rolling land. The grounds 
of the institution present the appearance of a well-ordered 
park, and the further ornamentation which is proposed, 
with additional drives, paths, lawns and lakes, will make 
the place one of the most attractive in the country. 

The plans for the buildings were prepared by skilled 
architects, and have resulted in buildings in many respects 
in advance of those of any similar institution in the United 
States. The Asylum buildings are fire-proof, having iron 
stairways, floors of brick arched on iron girders, and slate 
roofs. The two wings are separated by a space of 100 
feet, and are intended one for each sex. They are each 
360 feet long, each having a south wing 100 feet long. 

Persons even not immediately interested in the care 
of the insane or in general hospital construction and 
management will be repaid by a visit to the Sheppard 
Asylum, which affords an excellent example of thorough- 
ness of construction both in exterior and interior detail, and 
of the most careful adaptation of constructive means to a 
special end. 

RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS. ] 

THE CHARITY ORGANIZATION SOCIETY OF 
BALTIMORE has been termed "an animated directory 
of the charities of the city." It is a Society for the 
organization of charity primarily, and not for its distri- 
bution. It strives to be a general clearing-house of the 
charitable institutions of individuals of the city. Its 
central bureau furnishes an exchange through which the 



Charitable and Humane Institutions, 117 

charitable agencies of the city may be organized with 
reference to each other, and where each may profit by 
the experience of all the rest. In addition to a Central 
Office in the Wilson Building, on Charles and Saratoga 
streets, the city is divided into seven districts, each with 
its Society headquarters and trained agent. The Society 
was organized in 1881, and since then has been a potent 
factor in social relief and reclamation. Among the good 
that it has accomplished may be mentioned the intro- 
duction of the Provident Savings Bank, with a system 
of stamp deposits, the adoption of improved methods in 
charitable work, increased co-operation among existent 
institutions, and general appreciation of the inadequacy 
of mere alms-giving. 

THE BALTIMORE ASSOCIATION FOR THE 
IMPROVEMENT OF THE CONDITION OF THE 
POOR was organized in 1849 on the principles of giving 
judicious assistance to persons deemed needy and worthy, 
on careful investigation only. It is supported by the 
dues of some two thousand members, by the income from 
an invested fund, and the admission receipts from the 
art gallery of Mr. W. T. Walters. Aid is distributed 
through a Central Office and district paid agents. Relief 
takes the form of food, fuel and clothing. 

Organizations similar in purpose, but somewhat more 
restricted in scope, are : The Society of St. Vincent 
or Paul, the Hebrew Benevolent Society, the 
Thomas Wieson Fuel-Saving Society, the Golden 
Book Fund of the Charity Organization Society, 
and others. 



XII. 

CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS 
ORGANIZATIONS. 



Baltimoreans, it has been said, enjoy exceptional advan- 
tages in worshipping God after their own manner and 
according to the dictates of their conscience. Brooklyn 
is known as the City of Churches, but, making allow- 
ance for size and population, it can hardly compare with 
Maryland's chief municipality in the number of edifices 
for divine worship, as well as variety of denominations. 
According to statistics compiled at the beginning of the 
year 1892, there were in this city no less than 331 
churches. Of these the Methodist Episcopal Church 
owns 71. This does not include the kindred divisions, 
among them the Independent Methodists with 8, the 
Southern Methodists with 9, the Methodist Protestants 
with 15, and the African Methodists with 12 churches. 
Next in order come the Roman Catholics with 45 
churches, the Protestant Episcopalians with 38, the 
Evangelical Lutherans with 30, the Baptists with 29, 
the Presbyterians with 29, the Hebrews with 1 6, Re- 
formed with 10, United Brethren with 3, Evangelicals 
with 6, Christians and Congregationalists with 3 each, 
Quakers with 4, Swedenborgians with 2, and Unitarians 
and Universalists with 1 church each. Two others in 
118 



Churches and Religious Organizations. 119 

the list are classed as Independent, and belong to no par- 
ticular denomination. Since the beginning of the year a 
number of new edifices have been dedicated. These are 
not included ; neither are those in the suburban towns. 
The entire number of churches in and near Baltimore 
may, therefore, be estimated at 360 or 370. Nearly all 
of these are open. Mission tents, Gospel-wagons and 
Salvation Army barracks offer further opportunities for 
exhortation and introspection. 

In the following pages it has been only possible to call 
attention to representative churches of each of the more 
important denominations. 

METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 

The first Methodist Episcopal Church in the United 
States was organized in Baltimore, and for more than a 
century this denomination has occupied, both in point of 
numbers and influence, a position of importance. Its 
numerous churches are among the handsomest buildings 
in the city. 

FIRST CHURCH, at the corner of St. Paul and 
Third streets, is the oldest as well as the largest congre- 
gation. Its first meeting-house was erected in 1774, and 
its fifth and present home in 1887. The structure is a 
magnificent type of Etruscan architecture, built of granite 
and roofed with tiles. At the southeast corner towers a 
massive and stately campanile 186 feet in height. The 
auditorium is the largest of any church in the city. The 
interior also contains school and class-rooms, reception 



[20 Guide to the QUy of Baltimore. 

and reading-rooms, office, parlor and kitchen. Adjacent 
are a parsonage and a beautiful chapel. 

Extending along St. Paul street for two blocks are the 
grounds of the Woman's College, of the same geueral 
style of architecture and material a- the church adjacent. 

MOUNT VERNON PLACE CHURCH, at the 
corner ot Charles and Monnment streets, is located in 
the heart of the most aristocratic section of the city, and, 
in architectural beauty and dignity, admirably accords 
with its environment. It is built ot^ green serpentine, 
with outside facings of buff Ohio and red Connecticut 
sandstone, with eighteen polished columns of Aberdeen 
granite. The interior is artistically frescoed, and a 
gallery extends along- both sides from the organ loft. 
The church was organized in 1843, and the corner-stone 
ot the present structure laid in 1870. Since then the 
average membership has been about five hundred. 

Other large churches ot the same denomination are : 
Madison Aveme, corner Madison avenue and Town- 
send street, a handsome brick building with Grecian 
front and pillar- ; Grace Church, corner Lanvale and 
Carrollton avenue, a tine -tone structure of Gothic style : 
also Broadway, on Broadway near Bank, Harlem 
Sou are, Eitaw Street and Jackson Square, located 
on the streets indicated. 

ROMAN CATHOLIC. 

The Roman Catholics of Baltimore form a large and 
influential element ot its religionists. Here were conse- 
crated the first Catholic bishop and archbishop in the 



('/nirf/ics and Religious Orgcmizations. L21 

United States, and here is now the residence of Cardinal 
Gibbons, [mportant churcb assemblages have been 1 1 < * 1< I 
from time l<> time, the mosl important as well as recenl 
being the Third Plenary Council in 1885. 

THE CATHEDRAL is the largest and mosl striking 
of the structures occupied. It is located at the northeast 
corner <>(' Mulberry :m<l Cathedral sheds, and is built 
of granite hauled l>v oxen :ii the time <>l" its construction 
from a point near Ellicott <'iiv. The corner-stone of the 
edifice was laid in 1806 l>\ [iev. John Carroll, bishop oi 
Baltimore, and it was completed and formally dedicated 
in i <S V J I . In style and decoration ii is of the Grecian 
Ionic order, and remarkable l<>r the chaste simplicity <>l 
its design and proportion >f its parts, [ts outward length 
is L90 feet ; its width, deluding the arms <>f the cross, is 
177 feet. A great dome of two 1 1 1 1 1 1< 1 1*« *< I and seven feet 
in circumference internally, and two hundred and thirty 

one feel in ei ren in lereiiee e\jeni;il I v, springs Iroin (lie 

intersection of the arms with the l>o<lv of the cross, and 
is supported l>v pillars of corresponding size .* i > x I form. 
The distance from the Moor of the nave i<> the summit of 
the cross which surmounts ili< i dome is one hundred and 
twenty-seven feet. Between each of the supports of tlm 
dome springs an elliptical arch. The left arch beneath 
the grand dome extends back i<> the extremity <>l that 
arm of (lie cross covering the organ gallery, which rests 
on an Ionic colonnade. 'The opposite arch contains i\\<> 
galleries, one above the oilier, the lower supported by 
Ionic columns. Beneath the archiepiscopal throne rests, 
in massive mausoleums, <h<' remains of successive deceased 
archbishops, — Drs. Carroll, Whitfield, Eccleston, Ken- 



122 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

pick and Spalding. Two fine paintings claim the visitor's 
attention, — " The Descent from the Cross," presented by 
Louis XVI, and "St. Louis Burying his Officers and 
Soldiers slain before Tunis," the gift of Charles X of 
France. 

Adjacent to the Cathedral, at the northwest corner of 
Charles and Mulberry streets, is the Cardinal's residence, 
a stately stone structure. 

Many of the Catholic churches of the city are struc- 
tures striking in architectural design and rich in interior 
decoration. Particularly notable are St. Vincent de 
Paul's, on Front near Low streets ; St. Aephonsus', 
Saratoga and Park avenue ; St. Ignatius', corner Cal- 
vert and Read streets ; St. Martin's, corner Fulton 
avenue and Fayette streets; St. Michael's, corner Wolfe 
and Lombard streets ; and St. James', corner Eager 
and Aisquith street-. 

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL.— The oldest church 
of this denomination, — indeed, the oldest in the city. — 
is St. Paul's, on North Charles near Saratoga streets. 
As early as 1693 the freeholders oi^ Patapsco Hundred, 
afterwards known as St. Paul's parish, met and elected a 
vestry. The tirst structure was erected in 1702, and the 
subsequent history of the church is an unbroken record 
of growth and expansion. The present edifice was 
erected in 1858, after the building then occupied had 
been destroyed by fire. It is of brown stone and Nor- 
man Gothic in style. 

Grace Church, corner Monument street and Park 
avenue, is a fine specimen of pointed architecture, and 
is built of red sandstone. Christ Church is one ot 




EMANUEL P. E. CHURCH. 



Churches and Religious Organizations. 123 

the wealthiest churches in the city, and has a beautiful 
marble structure at the corner of St. Paul and Chase 
streets. Emanuel Church has a striking Gothic edifice 
at the corner of Read and Cathedral streets. Other large 
Episcopal churches are St. Peter's, corner Druid Hill 
avenue and Lanvale street ; St. Luke's, on Carey near 
Lexington streets, and Mount Calvary, corner of Madi- 
son avenue and Eutaw street. 

PRESBYTERIAN. — The First Presbyterian 
Church, organized in 1792, is the finest of the many 
church edifices now occupied by this denomination. It 
stands on the northwest corner of Park avenue and 
Madison street, and is a beautiful specimen of Gothic 
architecture. In the front of the church a graceful spire, 
268 feet high, rears its head, while on either side are 
smaller towers of unequal height, The interior of the 
church is richly decorated. The Brown Memoriae 
Church, corner of Park avenue and Townsend street, is 
a stately Gothic structure of marble. The Westminster 
Church, at Green and Fayette streets, with its grave-yard 
dotted by old tombs and vaults, presents a sight rarely 
seen in a large city. Here lie the remains of Edgar Allen 
Poe, marked by a massive but unpretentious monument. 
The Associate Reformed Church occupies one of 
the most striking church structures in the city, at the 
corner of Maryland avenue and Preston street. It is 
Romanesque in style and built of Port Deposit granite, 
trimmed with Amherst stone. The interior is an amphi- 
theatrieal auditorium, with a seating capacity for 1,000 
persons and a gallery holding 360 more. Sunday school, 
general meeting and class-rooms connect with the main 



[24 Guide to the Citii of Baltimore, 

lecture-room by a broad arch, closed by sliding doors. 
The basement contains ladies' and gentlemen's guild- 
rooms, toilet-rooms, dining-rooms, kitchen and pantry. 
In the cellar are necessary apparatus for heating and fuel, 
rhe structural features of the interior are in polished and 
carved stone. The plain wall surfaces are decorated in 
fresco colors. Well-kept iawns surround the church, 
lending to the whole picture an unusual air of grace and 
attractiveness. 

BAPTIST. — The Eutaw Place Baptist Church, 
corner of Dolphin street and Eutaw Place, although not 
the oldest, is one of the Largest and most influential con- 
gregations of this denomination. The church structure 
is built of white marble, and was erected in 1871, It 
has a frontage of some seventy-five feet, with a tower one 
hundred and ninety feet high. 

The First Baptist Church, organized probably as 
early as l77-">. is now located on Townsend near Fremont 
streets. The influence of this church in various fields of 
religious activity has boon very great. The Franki in 
Square Baptist Church has a well-arranged struc- 
ture on Calhoun near Lexington streets. Other churches 
having commodious structures are the Hum Street 
Baptist Church, on High near Lombard snoot-, and 
the Brantx! Church, corner of Schroeder street and 
Edrnondson avenue. 

LUTHERAN. — '/ion Churcb is another of the his- 
toric churches ot Baltimore. It occupies a fine structure 
on North Gray street, and has a large school-house and 
play-ground attached. The First Engj ish Lutheran 
Church was organised in L823 as a more distinctively 



Chu/rches and Religions Organizations. 1 2^ 

Lutheran denomination. lis borne is a capacious build- 
ing &i the corner of Lan vale and Fremonl streets. St. 
Paul's, corner of Fremonl and Saratoga streets, bas a 
large membership and a pleasing edifice, as bas also 
St. Mark's, on Eutaw near Mulberry streets. 

unitarian. — The First Independent Christ's 
Church, comer Charles and Franklin streets, is one of 
the old landmarks of Baltimore, and has been made 
familiar by photography to architectural students of the 
country as a fine example of Roman architecture. The 
interior design shows a broad, simple treatment, in thor- 
ough harmony with the monumental charactei of the 
building. Following the type of the early Roman Chris- 
tian church, a broad aisle on each side is divided from 
the body of tlie church by an arcade, from which the 
vaulted ceiling springs. The ceiling is divided into 
deeply-recessed panels, with enriched mouldings and 
rosettes. The chancel arch is supported on Corinthian 
columns, and a large window in the chancel gives addi- 
tional Light to the interior. 

One of the earliest minister- of this congregation was 
Rev. Jared Sparks, and from the termination of his min- 
istry in 1 S2.'> its pulpit has been filled in unbroken line 
by men of distinction and ability. 

JEWISH, — The Baltimore Hebrew Congrega- 
tion bas a magnificent Byzantine structure, with a majestic 
dome and granite towers, at the corner of Madison avenue 
and Robert street. The body of the synagogue is a greal 
symmetrically proportioned pile, with lofty arches and 

towering dome. At the (in- end of the auditorium stands 

the holy shrine, modeled after one built in Toledo, Spain, 



seven - .. \ G • g$, fi] led 

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Churches <<>i<l Religious Organizations, \'ll 

countless persons who sought its help when in <li tr< 
secured work lor scores <>f unforl iiniiics, and acted as a 
guide for the friendless youth ambitious to become a man 

: 1 1 1 1 < > 1 1 <_? Mien. 

I lie present home of the organization is a large five 
story building ;it the northwesl corner of Charles and 
Saratoga sheets. It is :m imposing structure, bul suffers 
somewhat :is regards its appearance and interior arrange 
meni because of the nature of the triangular lot on which 
it stands. While not ;i modern building, from an a o 
ciation standpoint, it has been improved, and is to-day 
as well adapted to the needs of its habitues as many of 
the more recently hnilt association headquarters. 

A Bight of steps lends from the Charles st reel entrance 
to the administration offices and reception parlors, fur- 
nished with comfortable chairs and entertaining games, 
where young men are ;if all times welcome. Merc is an 
extensive reading room, containing the important news- 
papers and periodicals of the country, and also ;i large 
auditorium fitted with opera chairs, where in season con- 
certs and entertainments are given at regular intervals. 

Ahove is the educational department, with el:i -.- rooms 

for instruction in German, book-keeping, arithmetic, 
stenography, spelling, writing, drawing, typewriting and 

VOCal music. The lop floor is devoted to :i splendidly- 

equipped gymnasium. In addition to every variety of 
gymnastic apparatus, it contains needle, tub, shower and 
spray baths, with hot, and cold water. The Y. M. C. A. 
has also fine athletic grounds <>n Druid Hill and North 
avenues, containing a club-house with baths and lockers ; 



128 ide to the QUy of Baltimo 

also grounds tor base-ball, foot-ball, Lacrosse, croquet and 
lawn-tennis. 

N 'i content with its central activity, the Association 
has reached out its arms until there are now, in different 
mis of the city, six branch bodies devoted to its work, 
with an independent building. They are, the Gkb- 
m v> Branch, on East Baltimore near Aisquith streets j 
the B. & O. K. K. Branch, at Riverside: tin Johns 
Hopkins V. M. C. v.. with its beautiful Levering- Hall: 
the V\ >\ v. R. R. Branch, the West Bkamh and the 
Bast Bae.timorb Branch. 

YOUNG WOMIN'S C HKLSTl AN ASSOCIATION, 
An unpretentious building, Liberty and Barnet streets, 
is the centre of the varied activity of this body. The 
the Association was g in iu 1883, in apart- 
ments on 1. street, used chiefly as a lunch-room, 
- been continued, and in addition a home 
is provided in the building tor working women and tl - 
seeking employment. An employment bureau is main- 
tained, and instruction is g \ :;■ writing, orthogra- 
phy, book-keeping, arithmetic and stenography. There 
is a library in the house, and a station of the Provident 
Savings Bank. The present endeavor of the association 
is toward- the erection of a new building. 

WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION, 
The /Maryland headquarters of this body are located at 8 
- in the historic Oliver mansion, formerly 

occupied by the First Nations k, but now designated 

as Memorial Hall. The lower floor eon:, g s, re- 

ception-room, and an apartment for Gospel meetings. 



Churches and Religious Organizations. 129 

where daily services are held. The second floor is used 
as a free kindergarten. 

YOUNG MEN'S HEBREW ASSOCIATION.— 

This organization is comfortably located on Eutaw near 
Fayette streets. The lower floor contains reading, con- 
versation and chess rooms. Above is a large lecture and 
concert hall. The top floor is devoted to a well equipped 
gymnasium. The association lias a large and aggressive 
membership, and is an active force for good in the com- 
munity. 

CEMETERIES. 

GREENMOUJST CEMETERY. — This is the largest 
and most interesting of Baltimore's cemeteries. It con- 
tains the remains of many persons who have figured 
prominently in Baltimore during the last half century. 
Following the gravel walk, from the main entrance west- 
ward, the traveller passes the Booth lot ; here lie the 
remains of the parents and many of the relations of 
Edwin Booth. The great actor never visits Baltimore 
without making a silent pilgrimage to the spot. To the 
west, on a slight eminence, stands the McDonogh monu- 
ment, with the epitaph written by the philanthropist 
himself. A flat granite slab, with a simple inscription 
telling of his great benefactions, marks the grave of 
Johns Hopkins. The total number of bodies buried in 
Greenmount is about 34,000. 

LOUDON PARK, on the Frederick turnpike, is 

interesting for its beautiful trees and gardening. Here 

lie the bodies of many who fell in the late war, Union 

and Confederate. Other large places of burial are, Lok- 

9 



130 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

raine Cemetery, on the Franklin Road, Fell's Point 
Hebrew Cemetery, on the Philadelphia Road, Mount 
Carmel, on the O'Donnell Road, Baltimore Ceme- 
tery, on the Belair Road, Mount Olivet Cemetery, 
on the Frederick Road, and Bonnie Brae Cemetery, 
on the old Frederick Road. 



XIII. 

CLUBS AND SOCIETIES. 



All the world over, the clubs of Baltimore are famous 
as embodiments of culture, hospitality, and good fellow- 
ship. It is here, perhaps, best of all, that the social life 
of the city is seen. To the ordinary elements of club 
life, there is here added a peculiar indescribable spirit of 
warmth and cordiality, that he who is fortunate enough 
to experience, never forgets. With the recent growth 
of the city has come a general development of its club 
facilities. They have new homes, new equipments, in- 
creased membership, and assured futures. 

MARYLAND CLUB. — With its aristocratic dig- 
nity, its exclusive membership, and its splendid new 
white marble home at the southeast corner of Charles and 
Eager streets, fitted up with every accessory which the 
human mind could devise or the human pocketbook pur- 
chase for the comfort and convenience of those admitted 
within its charmed walls, this is, without doubt, Baltimore's 
leading social organization. As with most Baltimore 
institutions, the fact that the Maryland Club is the oldest 
coterie of gentlefolk in the city is largely in its favor, 
and gives it an enviable and altogether well-deserved 
prestige. It is the patriarch among Maryland's social 

131 



132 



Guide to the City of Baltimore. 



fraternities, and its history forms an important compo- 
nent part in the story of Baltimore's growth. 

The Maryland Club was started by a number of promi- 
nent gentlemen of this city, who organized it in May, 
1857. It is, therefore, not only the oldest social club 
in Baltimore, but the second oldest in the United States, 
the Union Club, of New York City, alone taking pre- 




The Maryland Club. 



cedence of it. Only five are left of the original incor- 
porators of the club. Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte was 
the first president of the club. He was the son of Prince 
Jerome Napoleon, King of Westphalia, and the father of 
Charles J. Bonaparte. For one year after its organiza- 
tion, the headquarters of the club was the picturesque 
old mansion at the northeast corner of Cathedral and 
Franklin streets, lately vacated for the new house. The 



Clubs and Societies. 133 

handsome new building is in the Romanesque style, front- 
ing seventy feet on Charles and one hundred and fifty feet 
on Eager street. The material used in its construction is 
white Beaver Dam marble from Baltimore county. The 
roof and domes are covered with red terra-cotta tiling, 
and the small bay windows with copper. The two fronts 
of the structure are united and ornamented on the north- 
west corner by a tower. The arched entrance on Eager 
street opens into a spacious hall, flanked by two large 
reception-rooms. The parlor is on the Charles street 
side and extends the entire width of the building. It is 
finished in mahogany, with bay windows and handsome 
mantels of Tennessee marble. At the left is a large bil- 
liard-room, wainscoted in quartered oak. Beyond it is 
the cafe, with marble tiling and a bar and oyster counter 
of pink marble. The steward's office adjoins the bar 
with freight-lift running from it to the kitchen and the 
top floor of the building. A servants' staircase also leads 
to the top floor of the house. Opposite the main entrance 
is the grand staircase, which is in quartered oak, ornately 
carved and very handsome. At the second-floor land- 
ing is a triple window of beveled glass, surmounted by a 
semi-circular transom, on which appears the reverse of 
the great seal of Maryland, the obverse of which deco- 
rates the transom over the main entrance. Under the 
main stairway are the lavatory and the stairs leading to 
the basement. Near-by are a complete coat-room and the 
passenger elevator. 

The furniture of the club-house is very artistic and 
refined, and thoroughly in keeping with all the rooms in 
the building, whose beauty and usefulness it enhances. 



i"-i Guide to the Citu of Baltimore. 

It is upholstered in plush, tapestry or leather, to har- 
monize with the surroundings of the apartments, and is 
entirely in accordance with the woodwork in which they 
are respectively finished. The carpets match the furni- 
ture most admirably ; their tints include delicate sage and 
olive greens and subdued rods, [mported Turkey rugs, 
twelve of which were ordered for the club-house, He about 
everywhere, and tempi the willing tread of the visitor. 
Tlio gas fixtures are also of chaste design, and include 
Large translucent globes and bunch lights, for both gas 
and electric light, mounted in oxydized silver. 

On tho second floor, fronting Charles street, are the 
library and card-rooms, finished in mahogany. Three 
private dining-rooms face Eager street on this floor. Tho 
main dining-room is also entered from the hall. It has 
bay-windows, opening upon a porch, where, in the sum- 
mer season, members may take their meals in the open 
air. (^n this floor are also the sewing-rooms, pantry, 
toilet-rooms and a private stairway, loading to tho third 
story. 

On tho third floor are eleven chambers, fronting on 
Charles and Eager si roots, and containing handsome 
hardwood furniture, with brass bedsteads, ami highly 
ornamented. Some of the apartments have private bath- 
rooms attached. On this floor there are also a large 
kitchen, a scullery, cold-room, sewing-room, pantry and 
closets. In the basement is a barber-shop, which can bo 
entered from without. Here are also tho oyster, wine 
and fuel bellars, servants' waiting-rooms, closets, boilers, 
machinery, etc. 



Clubs and Societies. 1 35 

BALTLMOKE CLUB.— Id the year 187s Baltimore 
bad several social clubs, but their initiation fees were so 
large, that they acted in a prohibitory way upon a numer- 
ous class of men, who were fast growing up, who were 
stronger in purpose than in purse, and who were pre- 
eminently the men who had most use for a social <-lul>. 
They conceived the idea of forming a <*1 u l> upon the 
lines of the college organizations, the pleasures and econo- 
mies of which were still fresh in their memory. Some 
five or six men met once or twice in the evening, in- 
formally, and laid out the plan which has developed into 
the Baltimore Club. At first each new member had to 
be unanimously acceptable to all the men of tin- club, 
and, as none but friends could be well enough known to 
be admitted, the nucleus of the (dub were bound mosl 
closely together by good fellowship and congeniality — a 
thing which survives as one of the Baltimore Club's 
ch iciest charms to-day. 

This organization was known as "The '7<S Club," and 
lived for nine months in their room on Franklin street, 
having no cuisine or bar, but keeping a cupboard, well 
stocked with wines, liquors and light refreshments. The 
membership increased <piickly, and the '78 Club took a 
house on the corner of St. Paul and Pleasant streets, 
renting out their surplus rooms to the members for 
lodgings. They lived in these <jiiarters for one year, 
adopting while there a- new constitution, covering the 
necessities of their last broadening life, and changed their 
name to the Baltimore Club. From this house they 
moved to No. 5 West Franklin street, where they found 
themselves shoulder to shoulder with the old-established 



[36 Guide /<> the OUy of Baltimore. 

clubs of the city. They lived there about one year and 
a-half, and during that time were forced to do away with 
the time-honored sideboard, and had to put in its place a 
steward ami cuisine. 

'Phis put the Baltimore Club upon a genuine club foot- 
ing and gave it a tremendous impetus, which again 
forced them to move. They took the Dulany house, No. 
905 North ('harles street, and, in doing so, made them- 
selves the pioneers in the "uptown" movement, which 
since has been followed by all the clubs They gained 
great strength ami popularity in this house during three 
years, at which time they decided to build a club-house 
just opposite. The plan was conceived, the money sub- 
scribed, and the property purchased in ten days. The 
present club-house was built within the year, and, what 
is unusual in such undertakings, within the amount sub- 
scribed, and the club has lived therein a comfortable and 
happy lite during the past five years. 

The building the Baltimore Club now occupies is a 
brown stone structure, with a bay-window and a broad 
stairway which leads to the entrance. The basement is 
used as a barber shop; the first floor as a reading-room, 
billiard-room and cafe. The furniture is of hard wood, 
and the finishings are in quartered oak. On the second 
floor are the dining-rooms, which are finished like the 
rooms on the first floor. On the third floor are the sleep- 
ing apartments of the members. The membership of the 
Club is now full, and no more members will be admitted 
for some time. 

ATtll.N i:i M CLUB. — The spacious structure at 
the northeast corner of diaries and Franklin streets, 



Clubs and Societies. 137 

Occupied l>y this organization, is one of the most interest- 
ing buildings in the city. Although built in 1830, its 
stvlc of architecture is thai of two hundred years ago. 
The distinguishing point is the portico thai adonis the 
Franklin street front. It is of Italian marble, and is 
supported by a quartet of massive columns. The column 
that stands nearest to Charles street is a solid arm of 
marble. The other three columns were erected in pieces. 

The style of the portico is Ionic Grecian. Apart from 
this exterior attraction, the building itself commands an 
interest from the solidity of its walls, which, painted 
yellow, look strong enough to stand unimpaired for many 
years to come. There are hay-windows on the Charles 
Street side of the building, large and well furnished with 
easy chairs. They afford an excellent opportunity for 
the members to see what is going on down upon the 
Street below and around. 

Easy steps lead to the entrance of the Club. Once 
inside, the eye rests upon the long and beautiful parlors 
on the east side Open grates send out a warm welcome, 
and soft carpets and cushioned chairs tempt a visitor to 
tarry. The walls of the parlors are hung with many 
paintings. Among the line oil paintings are a number 
of the evidences of the ail of Bolton Jones and Arthur 
Quartley. 

A Large and pleasant stairway leads to the second floor. 
On this floor are two large billiard-rooms, committee- 
rooms, a library and reading-room, card-rooms, the large 
dining-room and a private dining-room. A large card- 
room is in the rear. All these rooms are commodious 
and well equipped. The good things for the inner man 



138 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

are prepared on this floor, in a large kitchen facing on 
Hamilton street. Among the membership of the Club 
are some of the most prominent men in the commercial 
and professional life of Baltimore. It, perhaps, draws 
from the legal profession a larger membership than any 
other club in Baltimore. 

UNIVERSITY CLUB. — The membership of this 
organization, while not restricted to the graduates of 
colleges and universities, is nevertheless decidedly col- 
legiate in character. Its purpose is the furtherance of 
social relation and intellectual interchange among those 
members of the community who are in sympathy with 
university views and university methods. To promote 
the social life of the club, the Friday nights from Octo- 
ber 1 to July 1 are specially set apart ; the second Friday 
of each month being known as Field night, the others as 
Club nights. On the Field nights some topic of general 
interest, literary, scientific or social, is presented in an 
informal way — now by members of the club, now by 
specially invited guests, and the entertainment is fol- 
lowed by a simple collation provided at the expense of 
the club. The club has outgrown its snug quarters on 
North Charles street, and has purchased and reconstructed 
the Glenn property on the northeast corner of Charles 
and Madison streets. 

The chief attractions of the University Club are 
literary. Upon the second floor, there is a large well- 
lighted room, well furnished with English and American 
periodicals, critical and illustrated journals, and new 
books, both French and English. The rooms of the 
second floor are so arranged that they can be thrown into 



Clubs and Societies. 139 

one long audience room for Field nights. The ground 
floor contains a front reception room, a large parlor or 
conversation room, in which all the leading daily papers 
are to be found. Beyond the parlor on the east side is 
the dining room of the Club. The third story is devoted 
to billiard and card rooms. The managers also intend 
to have a roof garden constructed upon the house. 

GERMANIA CLUB. — Of the older social clubs of 
the city, none is more solid or successful than the Ger- 
mania, which is now located on the north side of Fayette 
streets, between Eutaw and Paca. Its early history dates 
back to the October of 1840, when a number of prominent 
German citizens banded together for the purpose of form- 
ing a social club for the young Germans of the city who 
were employed as clerks in the shipping establishments. 
In 1873 the present quarters of the club were pur- 
el iased, and an annex was built. Its present appoint- 
ments now include cosy parlors, a library, dining-rooms, 
a billiard hall, ladies' parlor, banquet hall, card-rooms 
and one of the best bowling alleys in the city. 

The lectures, entertainments and concerts given by the 
Germania Club have always been of the highest order, 
and never fail to attract the best German element in the 
city. The present membership is 120, including Ger- 
man-American merchants, physicians and lawyers. The 
membership also includes a number of Anglo-Ameri- 
cans, several of whom speak the German language, 
which entitles them to active membership. Messrs. 
Claas Vocke and August C. Pracht, two of the founders 
of the club, are still among the members. Many promi- 
nent men and distinguished foreigners have been enter- 



140 Gvide to the City of Baltimore. 

tained within the walls of the elub. Prominent among 
the latter were : Kossuth, the famous Hungarian diplo- 
mat, who is now in exile in Italy ; Baron von Girald, 
Baron von Schlozer, Gerhard Rolphs, W. Jordan, Carl 
Schurz, and a number of German ambassadors. The 
club is well known in Europe, and has a number of 
members who are at present abroad. 

PHOENIX CLUB. — A palatial structure on Eutaw 
Place near Mosher street is occupied by this organiza- 
tion. The facade is an attractive design of the Renais- 
sance type. To the top of the first story, it is of rich 
brown stone; beyond of brick, trimmed with brown 
stone. At the height of the third story there is a pic- 
turesque loggia. The entrance is through a tiled vesti- 
bule into a grand corridor. To the right is a commodious 
parlor, furnished in mahogany. On the right are library, 
reading-room and reception-room, all sumptuously fur- 
nished. Beyond are private dining-room, smoking and 
cloak-rooms, a director's room, and at the end of the 
corridor a cafe. The second floor is taken up with a 
banquet hall facing Eutaw Place, and a ball-room in the 
rear. Above are card-rooms leading out upon the log- 
gia ; also kitchens, pantry and steward's quarters. In 
the basement are bowling alleys, gymnasium, billiard- 
room, bar, wine cellars, barber-shop, toilet-rooms and 
heating apparatus. 

CATHOLIC CLUB.— In 1889 a party of prominent 
gentlemen came together and effected this organization. 
Soon after its formation, the club leased a handsome four- 
story red-brick structure on west Fayette street, and in 
May, 1889, entered it, no pains being spared to make it 



Clubs and Societies. 141 

an attractive resort. Among the most pleasant features 
of the club are the social entertainments which are given. 
Every winter there is a course of musical and literary 
entertainments, at which not only the members are present, 
but their friends. The growth of the club has become so 
large that not long ago a large dwelling on North Charles 
street, opposite the Cardinal's residence, was purchased 
and made one of the most attractive club-houses in the city. 
In addition to the usual club features, it is equipped with 
a first-class gymnasium and bowling alleys, and has a 
junior membership with the privileges of the gymnasium 
and lecture course. The membership of the club now is 
about 300 and it is rapidly increasing. 

MERCANTILE CLUB.— The Mercantile Club, 
which is an outgrowth of the old Concordia Society, is 
located in the substantial building at the corner of Paca 
and Fayette streets, formerly occupied by the Crescent 
Club. The main hallway of the house, at the Fayette 
street entrance is richly carpeted, and the side entrances 
opening into it are hung with portieres. The large room 
on the west side of the entrance hall is the parlor. The 
floor of this room is covered with a rich moquet carpet, 
and from the windows drop lace curtains of beautiful 
design. The furniture is brocatelle. 

The apartment on the east side is fitted up as a reading- 
room, its furniture being upholstered in leather. In the 
rear of this is the ladies' cafe, handsomely appointed with 
rich, substantial furniture, brussels carpet, lace curtains, 
heavy portieres and pier mirrors. The hall extending to 
the rear of the first floor, and the other apartments on the 
ground floor are carpeted and fitted in red, with attractive 



142 Gh-dde to the City of Baltimore. 

details. They are among the handsomest rooms in the 
house. On the top floor are the caterer's quarters, a 
billiard and pool-room, and two private dining-rooms. 

CAJLUMTCT CLUB. — Dating its existence practically 
but from 1885, this organization has become the repre- 
sentative Democratic organization of Baltimore. The 
home of the club, situated at 1110 East Baltimore street, 
is a substantial four-story brick edifice. Marble steps 
lead from the street to the deep, recessed entrance. On 
entering the door, one finds himself in a wide, handsomely- 
carpeted hall. On the right are the doors leading into 
the two large parlors, furnished in the best of taste. 
Coming from the parlors into the hallway and following 
its course, the reading-room is reached. A large old- 
fashioned fireplace adds greatly to the room's cosy 
appearance. 

On the second-story are the billiard and pool-rooms. 
Behind these, in the ell of the building, the restaurant is 
situated, the culinary department being below. On the 
third story is the spacious hall where the large meetings 
are held as well as banquets. 

CONCORD CLUB is an even younger, but no less 
successful Democratic organization, with social features. 
The club-house is located at 6 North Ca rev st reet. Next to 
it is a large grass plot, frequently used for outdoor enter- 
tainments. The house itself is richly furnished, and 
contains parlors, reading-room, billiard and pool-rooms, 
buffet, general meeting-room, secretaries' apartments and 
committee-rooms. Everything possible is done to pro- 
mote the comfort of the members visiting the Club, and 
among its members are numbered some of the best-known 



Clubs and Societies. 143 

business men and city and State officials. The Club is 
connected with the National Association of Democratic 
Clubs, and acts in concert with that organization on all 
occasions. 

THE YOUNG MEN'S REPUBLICAN CLUB was 
organized in September, 1882, and is the strongest and 
most influential Republican organization south of Phila- 
delphia, and compares favorably with prominent party 
associations in New York, Boston and Brooklyn. It 
differs from some of them in being more active and 
aggressive, and goes into political work as a body. The 
club-house is an attractive home, on West Saratoga near 
Charles streets. In addition to its political activity, the 
organization is the centre of much social life 

BICYCLE CLUBS. — Several thousand wheels are 
in active use in Baltimore, and club life has reached a 
high stage of development. A visiting cyclist may 
always feel certain of a cordial greeting at any of the 
following club houses : 

Maryland Bicycle Club, Mt. Royal avenue and 
Reservoir street; Baltimore Cycle Club, 1521 Eutaw 
Place; Centaur Cycle Club, 2117 East Pratt street; 
Chesapeake Cycle Club, 838 North Fulton avenue ; 
Riverside Bicycle Club, corner Battery avenue and 
Hughes street ; Y. M. C. A. Bicycle Club, Druid Hill 
avenue extended ; Clifton Wheelmen, Federal and 
Regester streets ; Irocjuois Club, corner of Division 
street and Lafayette avenue. All of the above are affili- 
ated with the League of American Wheelmen. 

COLLEGE FKATEKNIT1ES.— The following Greek 
letter societies are represented by prosperous chapters at 



I II Guide to the CUt}/ of Baltimore. 

the Johns Hopkins University : Reta Theta Pi, Phi 
Kappa Psi, Delta Phi, Alpha Delta Phi, Phi 
Gamma Delta and Kappa Alpha (Southern Order). 
During the academic year most of these have chapter 
houses, a directory of which can be seen upon inquiry at 
the University. 

Chapters of the Alpha Phi and Delta Gamma 
Fraternities have been recently established at the 
Woman's College. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— The Journalists' Club is 
the social centre of the local newspaper world. The 
visiting commercial traveller may always be sure of a 
cordial reception at the Travellers' Club, 203 North 
Liberty street. True German club lite, with its light- 
hearted cheer, reigns supreme at the Germania M*n- 
NERCHOR, at 110 West Lombard street. The Mer- 
chants' Club, 205 East German street, is a favorite 
lunching place tor down-town merchants. The Charcoal 
Club is noted in a preceding chapter. 

SECRET SOCIETIES. I 

MASONIC ORDER.- The Grand Lodge of Maty- 
land was instituted in 1787. Long before this, however, 
lodges existed in Baltimore subordinate to the Grand 
Lodge of Pennsylvania. For many years meetings were 
held at Fell's Point. In 1814 the first Masonic Temple 
was erected. This is the venerable structure on St. Paul 
street now used by the City Court. Fifty years later, 
the site oi' the present building was purchased and the 
corner-stone of an Imposing structure laid. A year ago 



Clubs and Societies. 145 

this building whs almost totally destroyed by fire, and 
the work of reconstruction is now in progress. During 
the interval, the old U. 8. Courthouse is used for the 
sessions of the lodges. 

ODD FEIiJLOWS.— American Odd Fellowship was 
founded in Baltimore, the first lodge being instituted on 
April 26, 1819, by Thomas Wildey, with four associates, 
in an unpretentious publie house, "The Seven Stars," on 
the south side of Second street, between Frederick and 
Market Space. The Order now numbers some 800,000 
members, and annually disburses over six millions of 
dollars in aid of the sick and distressed. The head- 
quarters of the Order are a magnificent hall, four stories 
in height, located at the northwest corner of Park avenue 
and Saratoga street. The entrances to the first floor face 
Saratoga and Cathedral streets, the latter being considered 
the main entrance. Here are the library, with some 
25,000 volumes, the offices of the Grand Secretary, the 
Grand Master, parlor and reception-rooms ; also janitor's 
and toilet apartments. The second floor contains the 
Armory, or banquet-room, reached by the main stairway 
from Cathedral street, and four well-appointed lodge- 
rooms. The third floor contains two lodge-rooms, an 
encampment-room and a work-room, open only to those 
permitted to tread the unknown recesses of the Temple. 
On the fourth floor is the Grand Lodge room, lighted by 
electric chandeliers, and containing the original Grand 
Master's and Grand Secretary's desks, used respectively 
by Thomas Wildey and James L. Ridgely. Here, also, 
are three fine lodge-rooms, with large ante and dressing 
10 



14G Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

rooms. The basement contains the heating apparatus oi 
the building and a well-appointed kitchen. 

Knights of Pythias are represented in Baltimore by 
a flourishing body, with Iseadquarters in Pythian Hall, 
1 _!!> N oi th ( ray si reet. Improved Order of Red Men 
have their headquarters in Red Men's Hall, Paca near 
Fayette streets. Other secret orders represented by local 
lodges are Independent Order of B'nai B'rithJ 
Royal Arcanum, Heptasophs, etc. 






XIV. 
PARKS AND SQUARES. 



Ii is commonly said that the weakness of American 
municipal government is nowhere so apparent as in the 
failure to make anything like adequate provision for 
the health and recreation of large populations by a judi- 
ciously arranged system of public parks and squares. 
Baltimore is singularly safe from such a criticism. In 
addition to large areas, situated in opposite sections of 
the city, there lie scattered here and there blocks of ver- 
dure artistically arranged in walks and paths, gay with 
the color of flowers and plants, and offering a cheerful 
resting place to the weary and footsore. If places such 

as these are "the lungs of a city," certainly the social 

respiration of Baltimore is I'nc and unchecked. 
DKUII> HILL PARK is perhaps unique among the 

parks of the country. In mere acreage it is excelled by 
several. The hand of art has not been employed so 
freely as in Central Park, New 5Tork, or in Fairmount 
Park, Philadelphia. But its natural beauties, heightened 
here and there by judicious taste, render it unequalled in 
true charm and attractiveness. The nucleus of the park, 
which by subsequent purchase and condemnation has 
been enlarged to its present area of some 700 acres, was 
Acquired in 1868 by the purchase from the Rogers 

. 147 



1 IS 



Guide to the (My of Baltimore. 



> • 



family of Druid Ilill Estate. Almost two centuries 
before it had received its name from the groves of mas> 
nificent oaks which still claim the visitor's eye and force 
his admiration. At the close of the Revolutionary Wad 
it passed into the hands of Nicholas Rogers, an aide-del 
camp of Baron de Kalb, and an architect of consider- 
able distinction. In his skilled hands the estate rapidly 
became a type of advanced landscape-gardening;. Since 
the city has come into possession of the property, the 
same general plan has been followed, and its great natural 
beauty has been emphasized and refined. 

The park is provided with tour entrances, — a main 
entrance on Madison avenue, the Mount Royal avenue 
entrance, facing Oliver street, the Eutaw street entrance 
and the Druid Hill avenue entrance. The first two are 
adorned with handsome gateways. Immediately to the 
right of the main entrance is Druid Hill Lake, with a 
magnificent driveway of one and a halt' miles. In other 
parts of the park are reservoirs, a boating and skating 
lake, and a fish-pond. Many natural springs, as Kd- 
mund's Well, Crise Fountain, Silver Spring, adorned by 
graceful touts out of which crystal streams bubble, are 
scattered throughout the park. 'There are many miles 
of carriage roads, varying from twenty to sixty feet in 
width, numerous foot-paths and extensive bridle-paths. 
Nine groves, fitted with shelters and play-grounds, are 
used as picnic-grounds, permit- tor a day's exclusive 
occupation being issued by the Superintendent of the 
Park. Grounds tor base-ball, lacrosse and lawn-tennis 
are laid ottt tor public use and carefully maintained in 
order. Two Large buildings grace the interior ot' the 






Pa/rhs end Squares. I U) 

park; the smaller, the Maryland Building, a relic of the 
Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, with many of its 
collections intact, and the Mansion House, :i general 
Bhelter-house, with spacious verandas, dining :m<l lunch- 
rooms. A little beyond is an incipient zoological col- 
lection. In oilier parts of the |»;irl< are a pair of 
blooded dromedaries, which were presented by King 
Humbert of Ii.-ilv l<> (lie late John \V. Garrett, a |>;iir 
of sea lions, :i herd of deer and ;i large (lock of South- 
down sheep. 

Adequate appreciation of I his magnificent park involves 
boili walking and driving. Its great area prevents the 
pedestrian from forming any proper estimate of size 
or symmetry, <»r <>(' reaching some more distanl sections 
of the enclosure. On die other hand, certain of the most 
beautiful spots, as Philosopher's Walk, a shaded pathway 
of great natural beauty, winding through deep woods 
over hill and dale, are accessible only on Cool. Scarcely 
less attractive sections are Prospecl Hill, a broad elevated 
plateau overlooking the busy village of Wbodberry; 
Tempesl Hill, with its skirting of woods, and the Dell, 
a beautiful stretch of forest in the rear of Silver Spring. 
The exits of the park lead oul upon the Reistertown and 
Pimlico roads and Green Spring avenue. 

The park is under the control of a Board of Park Com- 
missioners, consisting of six citizens and the Mayor, ex 
officio. It is supported by a tax of nine per cent upon 
the gross receipts of the sired car companies. 

The park is reached by the Madison avenue and (Jil- 
mor street Cable cars, by the Pennsylvania avenue and 
Reisterstown street cars, and by the Northern Central 



150 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

Railway from Calvert or Union Depots in the city, to 
Wood berry Station. 

PATTERSON PARK- A beautiful stretch of highly 
improved land forms the favorite holiday retreat for the 
eastern section of the city. It has grown from a few 
acres presented for this purpose in 1827 by the man 
whose name it perpetuates. The main entrance on Pat- 
terson Park avenue is a striking marble gateway, and 
faces a large fountain with a basin fifty feet in diameter. 
Here the gardener's skill has had free scope, and as far 
as the eye can reach are seen symmetrical beds of flam- 
ing color. A conservatory containing a well-selected 
collection of plants is one of the chief attractions of the 
park. In the southeast corner is a large boat lake, which 
in pleasant weather is fairly alive with tiny craft. Else- 
where are pavilions, refreshment rooms, seats and benches 
in abundance. 

The park is of historic interest as containing the origi- 
nal earth-works thrown up in 1814 by citizen volunteers, 
when an attack on the city was threatened by the British 
under General Ross. The battery still remains; covered 
with velvety verdure, and surmounted by a high flag- 
staff, it serves no more formidable purpose than to inspire 
tottering veterans who love even now on a bright 
sunny morning to gather here, to tell, as Colonel Scharf 
says, how " they carried sods on their heads and helped 
to build these works when boys." The view at this point 
is surpassing. Spread out in living panorama, the visitor 
sees the great city before him, then the harbor with its 
shipping, Locust Point, Canton, and beyond as far as the 
eye can reach the soft, quivering blue of the Chesapeake. 



Parks and Squares. 151 

A carriage-way extends entirely around the park, and 
passes the chief points of interest. There are also num- 
erous walks for pedestrians. The park is reached by the 
cable cars of the Traction line, which connect it with 
Druid Hill Park, five miles beyond. 

FEDERAL HILL PARK.— In many respects the 
finest view of the city is afforded by an elevated plateau, 
eighty -five feet above tide, which forms the larger part 
of Federal Hill Park. It serves a practical purpose as 
the site of the Marine Observatory, used to signal the 
approach of ships. The grounds were purchased by the 
city in 1878, and the work of ornamentation has only 
recently been completed. The base of the park covers 
eight and a quarter acres, and the plateau a surface of 
four and a half acres. Both are divided into walks and 
drives, and handsomely adorned with trees, shrubbery 
and flower beds. From the crest of the plateau it is easy 
to distinguish many of the prominent buildings of the 
city, which extends about three sides of the park, while 
directly in front is the harbor and shipping. The park 
marks the site of the ramparts constructed by General 
Butler during the war, but now cut down and converted 
into extensive walks and drives. 

The park is situated in South Baltimore, and is reached 
by the Blue line and by the Paca street cars. 

RIVERSIDE PARK.— In a line directly south of 
the park just described lies Riverside Park, a pleasant 
enclosure of seventeen and a half acres, overlooking the 
Patapsco River, Locust Point, Fort McHenry and the 
Bay as far as North Point. The Park is laid out in well- 
arranged walks and drives ; entrances are located at the 



L52 Guide to the CiUj of Baltimore. 

northern corners. The site was acquired in 1875, since 
which time improvements have gone on rapidly. His- 
torically it is noteworthy as containing the earth-works 
known as " Fort Covington." a six-gun battery which 
sunk the barges of the British fleet while attempting to 
land a night force in the rear of Fort McHenry in 1814. 
The park is accessible through the Paea street ears. 

HAKLE3I PARK, located in a pleasant residence 
section of northwest Baltimore, is bounded by Gilmor and 
Calhoun streets and Edmondson and Harlem avenues. 
It eovers nearly ten acres, and was given to the city for 
park purposes by an old resident of Baltimore. The park 
is remarkable tor the richness and variety of its garden- 
ing, and contains an imposing monument erected in 1S85 
to James L. Ridgely by the Order o( Odd Fellows. • 

PUBLIC SQUARES. 

lliTAW Place, the most beautiful residence section 
of the city, has been largely made so by a series o{ 
squares artistically laid out in lawn and flower beds, 
relieved here and there by splashing fountains or moss- 
grown rookeries, and extending from Lanvale street to 
North avenue. The squares are threaded by asphalt 
walks and entirely unenclosed. Close by are Taney 
Place and Park Place Sovares, with rows ol' shade 
trees ami carefully-kept sod. Johnson Square is 
bounded by Biddle, Valley. Chase and MeKim streets. 
Continuing southward, Washington and Mount Ver- 
non Squares are met. They are situated in the heart 
of the most conservative residence section of the city, and 



Parks <ni<l Squares. I r > ;> > 

have a characteristic air of refinement and wealth. The 
plats are adorned with flowers, fountains and statuary. 
Of the last named the mosl noticeable are several bronze 
pieces by Barye, representing Peace, War, Force and 
Older; a colossal lion by the same artist ; Military Cour- 
age by Dubois, and a statue of Chief Justice Taney in 
heroic size. Westward lie Perkins' Spring Square, 
triangular in shape and bright with flower beds of vari- 
ous colors; Lafayette Square, faced by lour churches, 
and always cool and shady; Franklin Square, differ- 
ing little from the preceding; Union Square, with its 
magnificent leafy canopy of poplars and maples; and 
Pulton A.venue, a scries of open squares extending 
from Franklin sheet to Bakes Circle, a circular plot 
laid out in lawn. In the eastern and southern sections 
of the city are Jackson Square, at the intersection of 
Broadway and Fayette street; Madison Square, with 
a running fountain and pleasant approaches; the City 
Si'itiN<;, well shaded and carefully kept ; Ashland 
Square, the site of the Wells and McComas Monu- 
ment ; and the Broadway Squares, extending from 
Baltimore to Gay streets. 






w. 

MONUMENTS AND ARCHITECTURE. 



[o the most casual visitor Baltimore is indissoluble 
associated with monuments. And yet the city is more 
remarkable in many other respects, [ts fame in this 
direction, and its title, " I?he Monumental City." is 
derived not from the number ot' its stone memorials, 
but from the tact that it was the first city in America 
to erect a worthy tribute to the memory ot" George 
^ ashington. At the present time Baltimore contains 
some twenty structures that can fairly claim monu- 
ment rank. Many ot" those are more interesting far 
historic associations than tor artistic design or imp. - g 
appearance. 

WASHINGTON MONUMENT. — Situated at the 
inters ol Mount Vera and North Charles 

: . is a g . Doric column, built ot' white marble. 

The base is 50 feet square and 'J I feet high ; the height 
ot" the column itself is 164 feet. The shaft, surmounted 
g figure of V\ ! ' . ;sisi, 

- nts him in the act of resigning his commission at 
Annapolis ["his s is sixl : high and weighs 

sixteen and a half tons. The n of ti 

was du< ly to pr . e, the first steps 

ing been taken as early as L8< 9 Site, material and 
lot 



Monvment8 and Architectwre, l- r >- r > 

statue were given by citizens of Baltimore, and a lottery, 
authorized by the State Legislature, secured the remain 
ing funds. The corner-stone was 1 : i i < I <»n July I, 1815, 
and the last | >i< '<*< ' <>f marble was pui in position Novem 
ber 25, L829. In 1827 the State of Maryland adopted 
(lie work and directed thai the inscriptions upon ii should 
l>c expressive of the gratitude of the State. 

A winding stairway, in the interior of the monument, 
lends to ;i parapet :ii the top. The magnificent view 
afforded of the city, the harbor and the surrounding 
country amply repays the visitor for the slight fee and 
rather arduous ascent. 

BATTLE MONUMENT. — This is in Monument 
Square, directly in front of the Postoffice, and near the 
Court Mouse, h was erected by private subscription, 
materially supplemented by appropriations of the City 
Council, in grateful recollection of the gallantry of citizens 
of Baltimore who fell fighting a! the battle of North Point. 
The corner-stone was laid on the first anniversary of the 
battle, September 12, 1815, and the monument was com 
pleted in December, 1826. The shaft of the statue 
presents a fasces, symbolical of the Union. This is 
ornamented at the bottom, and on the north and south 
fronts with bas-reliefs, one representing the battle of North 
Point and death of General Ross; the other, the bom- 
bardment of Fort McHenry. Lachrymal urns indicate 
the purpose of the monument. The names of those who 
fell in battle arc inscribed on the entablature. The whole 
is surmounted by a figure, symbolical of the city of Bait i- 
moie. The lop is fifty-two feet above the platform, on 
which (he monument rests, 



l 56 Guide to the Gty of Baltimore, 

WELLS vm> McCOMAS mom mi:m. -This is 
a plain and unpretentious marble shaft, resting upon a 
simple base and rising thirty three feet above the ground, 
li is located at the intersection of Ga) and A.isquith 
streets, and was erected in L873 to the memory of two 
young riflemenj Daniel Wells and Henrj G, MoComas, 
to whom the death of General Ross, the British com- 
mander at North Point, with its consequence of deter 
ring :m\ further advance upon the city, is attributed. 

Both youths tell victims to their patriotic' ardor. 

akmisti vi> MONUMENT, 'This is another 
record of the stirring events of bhe War of 1812, perpet- 
uating the gallantry of Lieut.-Col, George ^.rmistead, 

I . S, A., the commandant at Fort Mellenr\ during its 
bombardment by the British in L81 l. The monument is 
a marble block, bearing a suitable inscription ami dis- 
playing the weapons of war. It was placed in Federal 

II ill Pari? in July, 1886, having tor several years prior 
to that date stood in one of the squares in Eutaw Place, 

NORTH POINT MONUMENT. A small shaft, 
the corner-stone »»t' which was laid in 1817, marks the 
battlefield of North Point, seven miles from the city, 
The corner stone oi' another monument was laid in Sep 
tember, 1889, but the memorial was never erected, A 

plain slal> ot' stone still marks the proposed site. 

COLUMBUS MONUMENT (1792). In an his 
torio sense, the most interesting, perhaps, of Baltimore's 
monuments is the tall shaft to Christopher Columbus, 
situated en the grounds *>t the Samuel Ready Orphan 
As\lnm, between North avenue and the Harford road, 
It was erected in L792 by Chevalier d'Anmour, who was 




BS 

HflB 





'I III. r.AI'l 1. 1 : I N'l 



t 



Monv/ments and ArchMectwe. 157 

the first French consul in Maryland. For nearly thirty 
years this was the only Columbus memorial in the New 
World, and for over fifty years I he only one in the I Inited 
Stales. It is an obelisk forty-four feel and four inches 
high, made of stuccoed brick. The base is about six and 
one-half feet square, and the top about two and one-half 
feel square. The base is about two and one-half feel 
high, with well-rounded corners of moulded brick-work. 
The pedestal proper is five ; 1 1 m I one-half feet square, ten 
feet in height, and is surmounted by a capstone about one 
andahalf feet high. From this point the obelisk narrows 
gradually toward the top. On the west side of the pedes 
tal is a marble slab about two and one-half by Tour feet, 
upon which is the following inscription: "Sacred to the 
memory of Chris. Columbus, Octob. XII, MDCCVI IIC." 
The authenticity of the monument, as the earliesl Colum- 
bus memorial in the New World, was held in doubt for 
some years, but has been finally established by Professor 
Herbert B. Adams, of. Johns Hopkins University, in the 
Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Politi- 
cal Science, Tenth Series, Numbers X— XI, |>j>. 30-33. 

OOIiUMBUS MONUMENT (1892).— Exactly one 
hundred years alter the erection of the memorial described 
above, on the 12th of* October, 1892, there was unveiled 
in Druid Hill Park a second monument to Columbus, 
presented bythe Etalian residents of the city. Thestatue, 
which was designed by Achille Canessa in Genoa, is -i .-. 
feet and a half in height, and, together with the pedestal, 
rises about eighteen from the base. Columbus stands 
erect against the -tone balustrade of a quay, from which 
depends a heavy ring, such as would be used for mooring 



158 Gkdde to the City of Baltimore. 

a vessel. In his right hand he grasps a half-rolled 
chart, and his left hand rests easily upon a globe placed 
upon the balustrade. The inscription of the pedestal 
reads: "To Christoforo Colombo. The Italians of Bal- 
timore, 1892." 

POE MONUMENT.— This marks the remains of 
Edgar Allen Poe, in the church-yard of the Westminster 
Presbyterian Church, at the southeast corner of Greene 
and Fayette streets. It was erected through the efforts 
of the Public School Teachers' Association of Baltimore, 
with the aid of liberal contributions from Dr. Thomas 
D. Baird, of this city, and Mr. George W. Childs, of 
Philadelphia. It is a plain but massive tomb of white 
marble, designed by Frederick, with a medallion portrait 
by Volck in the front. 

WALLACE STATUE.— A handsome replica of the 
heroic statue of Sir William Wallace has been recently 
erected in Druid Hill Park. The original stands on a 
crag outside of the walls of Stirling, Scotland, where the 
Scottish hero is said to have stood and overlooked the 
battle as it was fought on the plains below. The local 
replica has been presented to the city by Mr. William 
Wallace Spence, a public-spirited citizen of Scotch ex- 
traction. 

WASHINGTON STATUE.— Adjacent to the main 
entrance in Druid Hill Park stands a faithful repro- 
duction in marble of the Father of his Country. It is 
artistically enshrined in a stone grotto. For many years 
the memorial occupied a niche in the historic Walker 
building, on East Baltimore street, and upon the death 
of Mr. Noah Walker was presented to the city by his heirs. 



Monuments and Architecture. 159 

WILDEY MONUMENT, on Broadway near Fair- 
mount avenue, was erected in 1865 to the memory of 
Thomas Wildey, the founder of American Odd Fel- 
lowship, by contributions from lodges in all sections 
of the country. The site was given by the city of 
Baltimore. The height of the monument is fifty-two 
feet. 

RIDGELY MONUMENT, beautifully situated in 
Harlem Park, records the memory of another distin- 
guished member of the same Order, James L. Ridgely. 
It was erected in 1885, and consists of a massive stone 
pedestal, with a colossal bronze statue of Ridgely, tower- 
ing forty feet above the ground. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— The following monuments 
complete the full quota : A fine bronze figure of Chief 
Justice Taney stands in Washington Place, opposite the 
Peabody Institute. It was presented by Mr. William T. 
Walters, of this city, and is a copy of the statue executed 
by Rinehart for the State of Maryland, which now stands 
on the State-house grounds at Annapolis. A bronze statue 
of George Peabody, on Mt. Vernon Place, a copy of 
the Peabody statue in London, was presented to the 
city by Mr. Robert Garrett. A marble statue of John 
McI>onogh, the founder of McDonogh School, resting 
upon a marble pedestal and a massive granite base, and 
occupies the crest of an elevation in Green mount Ceme- 
tery. In this same beautiful God's acre are memorials 
erected by citizens of Baltimore to William Boyd 
Ferguson, who lost his life in 1855 while nursing the 
sick during the terrible yellow epidemic ; to William 
Prescott Smith, a man of great gifts and universally 



160 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

beloved, and to William K. Creery, for a number of 
years superintendent of the public schools of Baltimore. 
Id the Loudon Park Cemetery there is within the en- 
closure, where lie buried Confederate soldiers, the statue of 
a Confederate Cavalryman, erected to the memory 
of Mary landers who lost their lives in the service of the 
Confederacy. Not far away are monuments erected to 
General James K. Herbert and General Harry 
Gilmor, distinguished Maryland Confederate generals, 
and a memorial erected by the Murray Association 
to the fallen members of that command. On a pleasant 
eminence, at the north end of Bonnie Brae, a simple 
Doric mass marks the remains of Captain John Glee- 
son, a gallant member of the Fifth Maryland Federal 
Regiment. 

ARCHITECTURE. 

The characteristic of Baltimore architecture is solidity 
and convenience, rather than showy display. In the resi- 
dence section of the city, this is seen in block after block 
of attractive structures, built with every adaptation of 
skill and science, yet devoid of useless details. The older 
business districts show the same healthy conservatism, 
and it is often equipment and arrangement, rather than 
external appearance, that attract the observer. One of 
the most striking features of Baltimore's phenomenal 
growth in the last few years has, however, been the 
number and size of its new business buildings, and these 
are well worthy the attention of even the casual visitor. 

EQUITABLE BUILDING.— Upon the site of the 
famous old Barn urn Hotel property, at the southwest 



Monuments and Architecture. 161 

corner of Fayette and Calvert streets, is one of the hand- 
somest and most thoroughly constructed buildings in the 
United States. It is known as the Equitable Building, 
and is employed for office purposes. The structure is of 
granite and Pompeiian brick, ten stories high, including 
the basement. It is Venetian in style, and contains more 
than a hundred and fifty rooms. There are two entrances, 
one on Calvert street and the other on Fayette street. 
The granite facing of the building extends from the 
basement to the second floor. Above this, and separated 
from it by a Grecian fret-work cornice, is Pompeiian 
brick set in various designs. The cornice is massive, 
and just below it, between the last story and the roof, are 
a number of ornaments, either in brick or metal. The 
windows are alternately square and arched. A broad 
pavement surrounds the building, and all the entrances, 
as well as the corners of the building, are adorned with 
brass lamps. The interior stairs and elevators, with all 
floor beams, columns and window-frames, are of iron. 
The floors and walls in public spaces are of marble, and as 
little wood as possible is used in the entire structure. 

LAW BUILDING. — One of the finest office build- 
ings in the city is the new Law Building, corner of St. 
Paul and Lexington streets. The first two stories are 
of Port Deposit granite, and the remaining five of Bal- 
timore cream-colored pressed bricks, ornamented with 
moldings and carvings in terra-cotta and molded bricks. 
There are two broad entrances to the buildings termi- 
nating in a central court, where the stairway and eleva- 
tors are located. The basement is divided into large 
rooms suitable for real estate and magistrates' offices or 
11 



162 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

stores. The other stories are divided into offices of 
various dimensions, so as to accommodate tenants requir- 
ing large or small rooms or suites of connected offices. 
On the seventh story is located a restaurant, lighted from 
three sides on the exterior and from the court on the 
fourth side, with a fine outlook over the city, river and 
bay. The ninth story contains a kitchen, laundry, store- 
rooms, dish-washing rooms and other culinary conven- 
iences, all supplied with the most recent appliances for 
the purposes to which they are devoted. 

EUTAW SAVINGS BANK is installed in a hand- 
some structure located at the southwest corner of Eutaw 
and Fayette streets. The exterior walls are faced with 
Belville brownstone. The style of architecture is Italian 
renaissance. The two entrances are on Eutaw street. The 
floors are of marble, and the walls faced with enameled 
tiles made from special designs. The ceiling is formed 
of enriched decorated metal panels. The screen work 
dividing the public from the working space in the main 
banking-room is of rich, carved mahogany, the grille 
work being of wrought iron. The president's room is 
located in the rear, adjoining the treasurer's room, and is 
wainscoted in mahogany. This room is sixteen feet 
square, and has a large bay-window, giving additional 
space to the room. Adjoining this apartment is the 
directors' room. A stairway leads up to a large assembly- 
room above. This apartment is paneled in mahogany, 
and is beautifully decorated. A large fireplace with a 
carved mantel forms the central feature. The building 
is fire-proof throughout. 



Monuments and Architecture. 163 

THE STAFFORD.— The visitor is attracted by the 
handsome apartment house which stands on the west side 
of Washington Place near Madison street. The building 

consists of ten stories and a basement, built of brown 
stone as high as the window-sills of the third story, and 
above of brick, with terra-cotta and brown stone trim- 
mings. The roof is pitched and of metal. The building 
is of the Renaissance style, and is designed to be thor- 
oughly fire-proof. The apartments are grouped around 
a central rotunda, in which are placed the elevator and 
stairway, and which has a glass roof above the tenth 
story. The first floor is occupied by physicians' suites 
on each side of the entrance, with separate entrances 
from the street, a waiting-room for visitors, the con- 
cierge's office, restaurant, package-rooms and janitor's 
residence. Above the first floor each story contains 
three suites of apartments. The tenth floor has bachelor 
apartments. The basement will contain heating appa- 
ratus, restaurant, kitchen and ice store-rooms. 

CENTRAL SAYINGS BANK.— At the southeast 
corner of Lexington and Charles streets, is another of 
the notable recent additions to the banking build 
of the city. The building is five stories high, the base- 
ment and first story being used for banking purp 
The basement is faced with red granite, the first story 
with kibby brownstone, the walls above being of red 
brick laid in red mortar, the whole presenting a pleasing 
harmony of color. The design is simple and massive, and 
well expresses the purpose for which the building was 
erected. Back of the main banking-room are the rooms 
of the president and treasurer, paneled in quartered oak. 



164 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

On each office floor there are nine offices, each fitted with 
fireplaces and fire-proof safes. In the basement a lunch- 
room is provided for the use of clerks. 

B. & O. RAILROAD BUILDING.— The central 
office is a massive structure seven stories in height, 
at the northwest corner of Calvert and Baltimore 
streets. The walls are faced with pressed brick, relieved 
by richly carved granite and blue stone. The main 
entrance is made prominent by massive granite pedes- 
tals on either side. The whole portico is 27 feet wide 
by nearly 40 feet in height. The building is planned 
with large rooms, subdivided by low wood and glass par- 
titions to suit the convenience of the different officers. 
The building throughout is furnished in hard wood. 
The ticket, telegraph and express offices occupy the first 
or ground floor. On the second floor are the offices of 
the president, vice-presidents and assistants. Above are 
the directors' rooms, committee-rooms, and the offices 
of the law, auditing and general passenger department. 

The Belt Line Depot is a handsome building at the 
corner of Lombard and Liberty streets. 

FARMERS' AND MERCHANTS' BANK.— One 
of the handsomest structures in the city is located on the 
northwest corner of Lombard and South streets. It 
is built of red sandstone, Romanesque in design. The 
corner is adorned with a handsome round tower, spring- 
ing from between the first and second stories, and termi- 
nating with a balcony on the fifth floor. The stone has 
a rustic finish, and is relieved by rounded pillars and 
arches, which are handsomely carved in tasteful designs. 
The whole of the first floor of the building is occupied 



Monuments and Architecture. 165 

by the bank-room, the president's room and the directors' 
room. The remaining stories are devoted to office pur- 
poses. The entire building is heated by hot water and 
lighted by both gas and electricity. Especial care was 
used in its construction to make it thoroughly fire-proof. 

MERCANTILE TRUST.— For quiet dignity, of 
which forbidding severity forms no component part, the 
handsome edifice erected some years ago, at the north- 
east corner of Calvert and German streets, by the Mer- 
cantile Trust and Deposit Company, is one of the most 
admirable of Baltimore commercial buildings. Archi- 
tecturally, in spite of a mixture of styles, the total effect 
of the building is one of classic purity, by reason of the 
art which has been bestowed upon the proportioning of 
its masses and the clever adjustment of its detail. It has 
a high degree of massiveness and simplicity, without 
degenerating anywhere into rudeness and clumsiness, 
and it is an unmistakably eclectic building, of which, 
nevertheless, the predominant impression is one of purity. 

SCHARF BUILDING. — At the corner of Paca and 
Baltimore streets, where for more than a century stood 
the historic General Wayne Inn, is now found a magnifi- 
cent six story warehouse, remarkable for its beauty of 
design and perfect finish. The bricks for the external 
facings are sand, hand-made, laid in black mortar. The 
trimmings are Cheat River blue-stone. The exterior base 
is Port Deposit granite. The interior is finished in cherry 
and Georgia pine. The main entrance is in the center of 
the building, on Baltimore street, and is a massive one of 
Cheat River blue-stone, adding materially to the impos- 
ing appearance of the structure. 



166 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

TELEPHONE BUILDING.— The splendid build- 
ing, at the northeast corner of St. Paul street and Bank 
lane, is owned and occupied by the Chesapeake and 
Potomac Telephone Company as their headquarters in 
this city. It is seven stories in height and a solid struc- 
ture of stone and bricks, ninety feet high. The foun- 
dation is of granite, the superstructure of pressed brick 
and brown stone trimmings. Its interior is a model of 
architectural beauty, and in appointments the equal of 
any building in Baltimore. 

FIDELITY BUILDING.— A recent structure at the 
northwest corner of Charles and Lexington streets, has 
proven a valuable addition to Baltimore's new architec- 
ture. It is eight stories in height, with an exterior of 
Woodstock granite, and a red Spanish tile mansard roof. 
The corner above the second story has been finished as a 
turret, with conical Spanish tile roof. The eighth story 
is provided with stone dormer windows of ornamental 
design. 

MANUFACTURERS' RECORD BUILDING.— 
This is another of the notable structures in the cen- 
tral portion of the city. The style of architecture is 
Romanesque, and the material used brick laid in black 
mortar, with brown stone trimmings, elaborately carved. 
The Lexington street front is also ornamented by 
handsome pilasters and a brick and stone coping or 
battlement. 

LAW RECORD BUILDING.— At the corner of St. 
Paul and Fayette streets, is another fine building of 
recent construction, largely devoted to office purposes. 



Monuments and Architecture, 167 

To be mentioned in this connection are also the various 
buildings of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, the Johns Hop- 
kins University, the Woman's College, Calvert Institute, 
Bryn Mawr School, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
the Chamber of Commerce, and public buildings already 
described. The bridges that span Jones' Falls in the 
northern section of the city are noteworthy for bold out- 
line and artistic detail. 



XVI. 
MARKETS AND WHARVES. 



Baltimore has been termed u the gastronomic centre of 
the universe." In no way can the pertinence of the 
attribute be so forcibly broughl home to the visitor as 
by a stroll through one or other of the great markets 
that dot the city. They are a characteristic feature of 
the domestic life of Baltimore, and the most important 
supply depots for its inhabitants. Obviating in large 
part the intervention of the middle man in domestic 
economies, and saving almost entirely the eost of delivery 
to the consumer, the market plays an important part as 
a purely economic faotor. Fresher and more varied sup- 
plies are placed before the housewife, prices respond more 
quickly and uniformly to legitimate causes of fluctuation, 
and an easy and profitable outlet is afforded to the truck- 
farmers of the surrounding country. 

The Baltimore market is, moreover, an historic insti- 
tution. As early as 1751, efforts were made by public- 
spirited inhabitants to raise sufficient funds" for Purchasing 
a Lott or Lotts whereon to build a Market House .... for 
the Benefit of said Town, and conveniency of such persons 
as bring their Butcher's meat and other commodities to 
sell at Market in the said Town." The amount subscribed 
was, however, insufficient for the purpose, and not until 
168 



Markets and Wharves. 169 

1 7(i;> was :i structure completed, and then only by the aid 
of a public lottery. Tt stood on the northwest corner of 
Gay and Baltimore sheets, and was constructed with "a 
large room on the second story which was used for public 
assemblies, dances, travelling shows, etc." For some 
years this market -house, — not a trace of which now re- 
mains, — sufficed for the traffic of the town ; but as size 
and population increased, other sections grew clamorous 
for enlarged market accommodation and more convenient 
situation. To meet these demands, new market houses 
have been from time to timeerectcd and old ones enlarged, 
until vxwx pail of tin; city is now provided with its 
own structure. There are eleven in all, located and in 
active operation as follows : 

Hklair Market, Forrest, from Ilillen to Orleans 
streets. Tuesday and Friday mornings and Saturday 
evening. 

Canton Market, O'Donnell, from Potomac to Pa- 
tuxenl streets. Monday and Tuesday mornings and 
Saturday evening. 

Centre Market, from Baltimore to Pratt streets, 
west of Jones' Falls. Wednesday and Saturday. 

Cross-Street Market, from Light to Charles, be- 
tween Cross and West streets. Tuesday and Friday 
mornings and Saturday evening. 

Fele's Point Market, Broadway, from Canton 
avenue to Thames street. Tuesday and Friday mornings 
and Saturday evening. 

Hanover Market, Hanover and Camden streets. 
Mondav and Thursday mornings and Saturday evening. 



170 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

Holeins Market, Hollins, south of Baltimore streets. 
Wednesday and Saturday mornings and Saturday evening. 

Laeayette Market, Cooke, east from Pennsylvania 
avenue to Fremont avenue. Monday and Thursday 
mornings and Saturday evening. 

Lexington Market, Lexington, from Eutaw to 
Pearl streets. Tuesday and Friday mornings and Satur- 
day evening. 

Northeastern Market, Chester, from Monument 
to McElderry streets. Monday and Thursday mornings 
and Saturday evening. 

Richmond Market, Howard, from Armory Place to 
Biddle street. Monday and Thursday mornings and 
Saturday evening. 

GENERAL PLAN. — The market place consists of a 
series of roofed structures, with stalls and booths. It is 
usually a half block in width and from one to four in 
length. Some are square, instead of rectangular, with a 
second story used as an armory or public hall. The 
interior consists of a wide central aisle or meat market, 
with butcher stalls in continuous line on either side, and 
two narrower aisles, devoted to general provision pur- 
poses, and connected at every hundred feet with the main 
avenue, so as to afford perfect circulation and convenience. 
The lower sections are used as fish markets, the stalls being 
lined with zinc and the partitions separating the several 
aisles removed. The streets facing the market place are 
lined with open stands, rough stalls, farmers' wagons, 
from which food and wares of all kinds are sold. The 
streets, and the market houses proper are paved with sheet 
asphalt, so as to permit thorough and frequent floodings. 



Markets and Wharves. 171 

No more delightful walk can be suggested than one 
through Lexington Market during market hours. All 
along Lexington street on both sides, from Eutaw to 
Pearl streets, the ground is occupied by the marketers. 
As one glances down the long street, the line of wagons 
seems interminable. The pavements are covered with 
heaps of fruits and vegetables waiting to be sold or carted 
away again. The streets are blocked up with piles of 
cabbages, carefully built up in pyramids ; barrels of 
apples, bags of potatoes, boxes of turnips. The wagons 
are all backed up against the sidewalk, and as the supplies 
on the stand are exhausted reinforcements are drawn from 
the vehicle. The horses have not been forgotten, and 
stand patiently munching their oats from a crib or nose- 
bag. All this is outside the market house, on the open 
streets. In the paved square the crowd is a little denser 
and the hum a little deeper, but the character of the scene 
is the same. First come the flower stands, overflowing 
with roses and violets, geraniums and lilies, chrysan- 
themums and the choicest fruits of the florist's skill. The 
aisles of the market house proper present one great con- 
glomerate. At every turn there is a fresh odor to sniff at 
and a new sight to see. Apples, bananas, oranges, cauli- 
flower, leeks, celery, cabbages, cocoanuts come in quick 
succession ; then great pickle stands, with tubs of condi- 
ments that make one's mouth literally water ; rich creamy 
cheeses, sold by rosy-cheeked, white-aproned matrons, — 
everything that will tempt the eye and please the palate. 
In the centre avenue or meat market even the vegetarian 
turns heretic. Stall after stall, as far as the eye can reach, 
covered with juicy, well-clothed mutton, vast quarters of 



172 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

beef and huge sirloin cuts. Distributed here and there 
hang turkeys, ducks, geese, partridges, pheasants and 
pigeons. The walk terminates in a large open square, 
used as a fish market. Here lie blue, delicate mackerel, 
piles of shad, trout, white perch, cod, haddock, rock, bass, 
eels, lobsters, oysters and hard and soft-shelled crabs. 

WHARVES. 

Baltimore can boast of a larger bay trade than any other 
city on the Atlantic coast of the United States. The 
Chesapeake has no equal as far as its commercial worth 
is concerned. Even New York, with its several immense 
sources of water revenue, does not equal the business 
that is here transacted. Baltimore surpasses all rivals 
in the oyster industry, the annual catch being estimated 
at many millions of bushels. The oyster beds of the 
Chesapeake are considered of more value than the gold 
mines of the Sierra Nevadas. The waters are also rich 
in all other piscatorial products, while the shores produce 
the greatest abundance of fruits (principally peaches and 
strawberries), grain, and produce of all kinds. The 
importance of the trade to Baltimore cannot be over- 
estimated, and the only way to obtain an idea of its 
magnitude is to stroll around Pratt and Light street 
wharves during the busy season, when produce of every 
description is being landed by the numerous steamboat 
lines. Nowhere in all the city is there to be found such 
bustle and life, nowhere to be seen so many peculiar sights. 
The strange characters encountered may be numbered by 
the score. In the busiest season of the year, hundreds of 



Markets and Wharves. 173 

men are there toiling from early morn until late at night 
on the water-front ; steamers, sloops and pungies glide 
softly in, unload and are headed down the river once 
more, bound for the country haven where truckers await 
their coming with nervous anticipation. In the mid- 
summer season this is supplemented by crowds of pleasure- 
seekers, who flock to the various excursion boats along 
Light street for a trip down the bay. 

Locust Point affords the best insight into Baltimore's 
foreign trade. Here emigrants are landed, and here the 
great railways have their tidewater terminals. 



XVII. 
MILITARY DEFENCES AND MILITIA. 



The harbor and marine approaches of Baltimore are 
defended by two historic fortifications, — For< McHenry 
and Fort Carroll. The first is readily accessible by 
the south Paca street cars, while the second is one of 
the conspicuous points of interest in an excursion down 
the bay. 

PORT McHENRI is an inner fort, located at the 
extremity of the point of land lying between the north- 
west and middle branches of the Patapsco River, known 
as Locust Point. The site originally bore the name 
of* Whetstone Point. Upon the outbreak of the Revo- 
lutionary War, its strategic importance was at once 
recognized, and steps were taken in 1775 towards its 
fortification. In the following year, a boom was con- 
structed between the Point and the Lazaretto, and a chain 
supported by twenty-one sunken schooners was stretched 
across the neck of the harbor. These and other fortifica- 
tions erected during the course of the war remained under 
the control of the State until 17!):;, when, in consequence 
of threatened hostilities with Greal Britain, the site was 
placed at the disposition of the Federal Government. It 
was accepted sonic years later, and by means of a public 
appropriation, supplemented by local subscriptions, a 
174 



Military Defences cmd Militia J7o 

star fort of brick-work was erected. [1 called Fort 

McHenry, in honor of Jama McHeriry, of Washington, 
who was the first Secretary of War under Washington. 
[Jpon the outbreak of* the war of \H\2. the new fortifi- 
cations were still further strengthened; with the resuh 
of successful resistance to British assault on September 
13, 1814. 

At. the present time the aspect of the Tort, is more 
picturesque than formidable. Three batteries of the 
Third Artillery, — D, G and I, — are quartered tl. 
numbering in a]] about two hundred men. Entering the 
fort, the first building encounl 

with its scanty accommodations. To t<j f - south of and 
adjoining the sally-port is the hospital, a long, frame I 

building, filled with cots and the usual medical 
appliances' South of the broad gravel drh tliat 

Leads from the entrance of* the grounds to the fort proper 
an; the residences of the commissioned oflfic 
They are pretty little gabled-roof < ith porl 

in front. A grass plat on either side of the walk that 
leads to each cottage from thedri 
trees bordering the latter. Aci 
close-cul from the ; quari 

those of the non-commis The 

men of each batl a long, y build- 

ing. On the firsl flc hall, 

and upstairs two - The bed 

arranged in ro 

] he fort proper is at v\\<-. extreme end of the point. Jt. 

rather nai red 

parapet rising on th -.. Ln ourt 



176 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

are a lot of aged brick buildings. These are occupied by 
the families of some of the soldiers. One building also 
serves as the adjutant's office. On the highest parapet, 
a little to the rear of the outer works, is the flag-staff, from 
which float the American colors, just as they did before 
the eyes of the poet patriot. By its side stands a smart 
little 12-pound Napoleon, which gives Old Sol a deafen- 
ing welcome as his smiling face appears in the east and 
says "good evening" with a puff and a bang when he 
hides it behind the clouds of the western horizon. 

In the outer works are a dozen of the largest guns in 
use at any military post in the country. They are always 
ready for use, and night and day look out sullenly over 
the ramparts towards the spot where England's matchless 
navy was held at bay by the hot shot from the fort, while 
Key, entranced with delight, penned his immortal song. 
The magazine is located near the entrance to the court- 
yard, but is now empty. 

There is a cemetery situated at the southwestern 
corner of the fort, but few visitors see it. Here lie the 
remains of several hundred of the privates at the post 
who have died in the service. Most of the graves are 
marked by little headstones, bearing the simple inscription 
" U.S. Soldier." 

FORT CARROLL. — In the middle of the harbor, 
in a diagonal line from Sparrow's Point to Curtis Bay, 
and eight miles below Baltimore, lies Fort Carroll, a low, 
flat, white stone structure commenced years ago as a harbor 
defence, but made obsolete by modern warfare before 
completion and now serving the lowlier purpose of a 
light-house, and truck garden for the keeper's family. 



Military Defences and, Militia. 177 

Within its walls are four acres of ground, used as a 
peach orchard and kitchen garden. Fort Carroll is a 
six-sided work, originally intended to be casemated on 
all sides. It has never been completed, being utterly 
useless in modern warfare. It occupies four acres. 
With three tiers of casemates and barbette as oriffinallv 
intended, its armament would have consisted of three 
hundred and fifty guns. 

It was first projected in 1847, when Major Ogden, of 
the U. S. Corps of Engineers, asked for an appropriation 
to locate a fort on Sollers' Flats, between Sparrow's 
Point and Hawkins' Point. Work was begun March 1, 
1848, and Robert E. Lee, who was then a brevet colonel 
of engineers for meritorious services in the Mexican War, 
relieved Major Ogden as superintendent, March 15, 1848, 
and remained in charge until 1852. Lieutenant Brewer- 
ton had charge from 1861 to 1864, and Colonel Craighill 
since 1871. 

MILITIA. 

An unbroken record of unflinching bravery in war and 
of timely service in riot and disorder is the history of the 
militia of Baltimore. The close of the Revolutionary 
War found Maryland with five full regiments in the 
regular service. Many of these were converted into 
militia companies of one kind or another, which the 
Whiskey Insurrection, the difficulties with France and 
the threatened outbreak with England kept alive and 
strong. A large force of well-equipped Baltimore volun- 
teers fought in the war of 1812, and from then on local 
martial spirit has never slumbered. Among some of the 
12 



178 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

organizations that flourished during this half century 
were: The Baltimore [ndependent Blues, Maryland 
('adds, Baltimore City Guards, Baltimore City Rifles, 
Shield's Guards, Baltimore Invincibles, American Rifle- 
men, Hibernian [nfantry, Fell's Point Eagle Artillery, 
and the Lafayette Guards. During the Civil War no 
class responded more promptly or served more gallantly 
than the citizen soldiers of Baltimore. 

The Maryland National Guard was reorganized in 
1886 by an act of the Maryland Legislature, providing 
for a Slate military force of not more than two thousand 
two hundred and eighty men, the entire force to he organ- 
ized into one brigade. Baltimore is represented in this 
body by the following organizations: 

FIFTH KI0<;iMENT.— The inception of this organi- 
zation dates from 1867, when the endeavor was first made 
to bring together members of the Old Maryland Guard 
into a new military body. he efforts of the projectors 
met with quick response, and a successful organization 
was effected. In two months the regiment had grown to 
ten companies and four hundred and fifty-seven men. 
Its subsequent history is characterized by the same ener- 
getic spirit. The present armory, on North Howard 
street, was acquired in face of grave difficulties. During 
the strikes of 1877, the regiment was called upon at an 
unexpected time to assist in defence of the city, and dis- 
charged its duty creditably under the most trying circum- 
stances. At present it consists of 12 companies, of 60 
men each, and 3 line officers, together with 17 held and 
staff officers, flic crack band of the regiment numbers 
75 musicians. "The Fifth is an embodiment of Mary- 



Military Defences and Militia. 179 

land valor. All the manly principles and traditional 
spirit of the State are carefully maintained in its organi- 
zation. Its officers and men are exceptional in character, 
in ability and in devotion to its interests. Its reputation 
as the crack regiment of Maryland has expanded with 
each year of its growth. It has been cheered as wildly 
in Boston as in Montgomery and New Orleans, and the 
people of all sections of this great country have praised 
its efficiency." 

The Veteran Corps of the Fifth Regiment was 
formed in the early part of 1888, to promote social union 
and fellowship among ex-members, and to renew, pre- 
serve and continue the recollections of their services in 
the Maryland National Guard. Its full strength is J 50 
men, formed into three companies. 

FOURTH REGIMENT. — The nucleus of this gallant 
body was the Baltimore Light Infantry, an organization 
mustered into service in the winter of 1885. Soon after, 
the large building situated at the corner of Mulberry 
street and Carrollton avenue was secured as an armory. 
In the summer of 1891 the original name of the organi- 
sation was dropped, and the battalion was designated 
as the Fourth Battalion Infantry, Maryland National 
Guard. Under the new name the battalion prospered 
so decidedly that a year later it was made the Fourth 
Regiment, absorbing several weak organizations of the 
suburbs. At present it consists of 9 companies, of 60 
men each, with a staff of 52 officers, making the total 
strength of the regiment about 600 men. The armory 
now used is entirely inadequate for the needs of the 



ISO Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

organization, and the erection of a new structure is being 
agitated. 

The Baltimore City Rifles, with headquarters on 
Court land and Pleasant streets, and the Monumental 
City Guards, on St. Paul and Centre streets, are two 
colored companies of regulation size that complete Balti- 
more's representation. 



XVIII. 
OBJECTS OF HISTORIC INTEREST. 



EARLY HOUSES.— Materia] advancemeni respects 
neither historic association nor antiquarian enthusiasm, 
and in the rapid march of progress, Baltimore has been 
compelled to sacrifice landmark after landmark insepar- 
ably associated with its eventful past, until but a few half- 
forgotten structures, crumbling or reconstructed, remain 
to tell of its early domestic life. 

The oldest houses in the city arc probably to be found 
in Fell's Point; but very few of these contain any trace 
of their splendor, and only here and there is an indefati- 
gable searcher able to bring some piece of refined detail to 
light. A few fine specimens of the (own mansion can still 
be pointed out, often changed beyond recognition. The 
Oliver Mansion, on South (*ay street, which, up to a short 
time, served as a bank building, is now Memorial Hall of 
the Maryland W. (,'. T. U. The stately home of Beverdy 
Johnson, at the northeast corner of Calveri and Fayette 
streets, will be noted hereafter. The Johns Hopkins 
mansion, on Saratoga street, immediately opposite Hotel 
Rennert, has been converted into a commodious lodge- 
house for the Royal Arcanum. The home of Chief Justice 
Taney, at the corner of Lexington and Courtland streets, 
is worthy of notice. The houses on Lexington street, west 

LSI 



182 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

of St. Paul, on North St. Paul, and on Monument, west 
of Charles streets, are all interesting. Many handsome 
doorways are to be found scattered over the older portion 
of the city. The old Maryland Club building, at the 
corner of Cathedral and Franklin, and the Athenaeum 
Club building, at the corner of Charles and Franklin 
streets, have some of the finest. Several houses on Marsh 
Market Spaee disclose faint traces of former grandeur. 
The rectory of St. Paul's Church, opposite Hotel Ren- 
nert, built in 1791, has a peculiar doorway, and is a 
very good specimen of simple domestic architecture. 
The Courthouse, at the corner of Calvert and Lexing- 
ton streets, is the best example we have of early public 
buildings. Its detail is generally well studied, and its 
construction solid and substantial. The old Masonic 
Temple, on St. Paul street, now used by the City Court, 
while not such a good specimen, is quaint and interest- 
ing, with its striking columns and its tall iron lamp 
standards. 

Few structures in Baltimore arc so rich in historic 
associations as the stately old Reverdy Johnson mansion, 
at the northwest corner of Fayette and Calvert streets, 
famous as the former residence of one of Maryland's 
most gifted sons. It is a three- story red brick house of 
plain exterior and hip roof. There were originally but 
six spacious rooms in the house, but these have been so 
divided as to make twice that number. A large hall 
extends the full length of the house, and the stairway is 
graced with a fine spiral rail. The interior furnishings 
are all of hard wood, with marble mantels on the lower 
floor. The front room on the north side was used by 



Objects of Historic Interest. 183 

Mr. Johnson as an office, and the hack room as a dining 
hail. The house was built is 1818, in what was then 
the most fashionable section of the city. It was acquired 
by Mr. Johnson ten years later. At the time of pur- 
chase, it was ornamented with a handsome portico, in the 
centre of which stood a marble greyhound of exquisite 
sculpture and perfect symmetry. In 1835, after the 
Bank of Maryland, of which Mr. Johnson was a director, 
had been in suspension for some seventeen months with- 
out the publication of any satisfactory statement, the 
mansion was attacked by an infuriated mob. The build- 
ing was entered, its furniture and a very large and valu- 
able library thrown out, and a bonfire kindled. The 
beautiful marble portico was torn down, the front 
wall battered in, and the greyhound carried off. For- 
tunately for Mr. Johnson and his family, they were 
visiting relatives in Annapolis when the riot broke out. 
He subsequently received from the State adequate com- 
pensation for the damage inflicted. The house was then 
rebuilt as it now appears. 

During the national conventions held in this city in 
1840 and 1843, the house was a favorite rendezvous for 
Whig leaders. Large open-air meetings were often held 
in Monument Square in those days, and William Henry 
Harrison, Henry Clay, Senators Berrian and King, of 
Georgia, and George Legaree, of South Carolina, with 
others of more or less note, have all made addresses from 
the top of the big marble steps outside, and partaken of 
Mr. Johnson's hospitality. The old house continued the 
home of the family, however, until 1856, when it was 
rented to the municipal government. On the outbreak 



1 8 I Gkdde to the (7/7// of Baltimore. 

of'the war, in 1861, it was made the headquarters of 
Major-Genera] Schenck ;i n< I his staff. From 1863 it 
was unused until the rooms were divided into offices. 
It is now the home of the Journalists' Club, and con- 
tains the offices of the State's Attorney-General and 

others. 

INN YARDS.— There is little left to tell of the 
early inland trade of Baltimore. As the visitor saunters 
through Exchange Place, past gloomy warehouses and 
grass-grown alleys, he can readily picture the time when 
this was the busiesl portion of the town, and commerce 
completely overshadowed every other activity. But only 
a few old hostelries remain to suggest the days before the 
railroad had penetrated every section of the country, 
when Baltimore was the eastern terminus of the wagon 
trade that extended over the Alleghenies into the far 
West. The characteristic feature of these landmarks is the 
court or "yard." The buildings proper have cither dis- 
appeared or have been reconstructed beyond recognition. 
But the yards remain unchanged, — large irregular stone- 
paved courts, lined with stables and stalls, and strongly 
suggestive of the historic English inn yard. A number 
can still be located on Paca street and in the vicinity of 
Belair Market. Perhaps the best examples are, the 
Hand House, <ni Paca, above Lexington street, the Penn- 
sylvania Hotel, on Franklin, between Eutaw and Paca 
streets, and Miller's, corner ol* Paca and German streets, 
to all of which teamsters drove their great Conestoga 
wagons, after t he long, arduous journey over the National 
Pike, along the defiles of the Alleghenies to the Balti- 
more markets. 






Objects of Historic Interest. 185 

The road in its prime extended into Baltimore by 
way of Baltimore street. At the northwest corner of 
Paca street stood the General Wayne Inn, one of the 
largest wagon-stands on the pike, and only recently 
removed to make way for the Scharf Building. Here 
most of the coaches and wagons stopped to leave their 
passengers and deposit their freight. The spot presented 
a livelier and more active scene then even than now. On 
the day following arrival, consignments of whiskey, grain 
and flour were exchanged in the stores that lined Howard 
and the neighboring streets for groceries, dry goods and 
fancy goods, and, after a brief rest, the return journey 
begun. 

A few traces of the extension of the pike still remain. 
At the corner of what is now Garrison lane and Balti- 
more street stood the first toll-house and the first mile- 
stone. This toll-house was moved about 17 years ago 
to a position near the site formerly occupied by the 
"Three Mills," in order to intercept the wagons that, on 
the opening of Wil kens' avenue, easily evaded the toll 
by taking that road out of Baltimore to the road. As 
the Frederick road was the only approach to the city 
from the west, all teams en route to the east had to enter 
at this point. The "Three Mills" were in operation 
then, and the farmers brought them their grain to grind. 
The road was much higher from Garrison lane to the 
"Three Mills" than now, but when it was proposed to 
build a railroad to Catonsville, the pike was cut down to 
its present level. The frame houses standing high up on 
the hill at this point before these improvements were 
made, were on a level with the road. 



186 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

Next in importance to the General Wayne Inn was 
the " Three-Mile House," so-called because the third 
milestone stands in its yard. This house still stands on 
the left side of the road, a last link between the old and 
new order of things. It remains just as it was 60 years 
ago, still bears its old name, " Fair View," and is occas- 
ionally used by farmers as an over-night house. 

STREET NAMES.— A careful student of local insti- 
tutions has pointed out that the entire history of Balti- 
more is reflected in the names of its streets. Each period 
of its political life has left an impress upon the names of 
localities. Almost obsolete are titles indicating contact 
with aboriginal tribes, but old inhabitants still recall the 
Indian names of Patapsco, Conewago, Choptank, Nanti- 
coke and Tammany. The domination of the Lord Pro- 
prietaries is perpetuated in Baltimore, Calvert, Charles 
and Harford streets. Sharp and Eden repeat the names 
of early provincial Governors. The power of the royal 
family of England is indicated by York, Duke, George, 
King George, Frederick, Gloucester, Caroline and Han- 
over streets. English mercantile influence is seen in 
Cheapside, Lombard and Leadenhall streets. Granby 
and Albemarle point to distinguished English noblemen, 
and a tribute to "the hero of Quebec" appears in Wolfe 
street. The fourth class brings us to the Revolutionary 
War, with its heroes and its triumphs, — Liberty, Lexing- 
ton, Saratoga, Eutaw, Cowpens, Howard, Green, Small- 
wood, Putnam, Lee, Montgomery, Pulaski, Fayette, 
Lafayette, Washington, Jefferson, Carroll, Franklin and 
Paca. Appreciation of English sympathy is seen in 
Chatham, Pitt, Camden, Pratt, Barre and Conway. 



Objects of Historic Interest. 187 

Glimpses of the early days of the Republic appear in 
McHenry, Monroe and Madison, and of later times in 
Webster, Calhoun and Jackson. A fifth class of names 
is derived from the historic families of Baltimore. Such 
are, Holliday, Gay, Aisquith, Ellicott, Tyson, Etting, 
Hollingsworth, Poultney and Stirling. Self-explanatory 
are such names as Cathedral, North, South, East, West, 
High, Low, Short and Long. In the use of titles such 
as Pearl, Pine, Chesnut, Mulberry, Linden, — Baltimore 
but follows a tendency common in other cities. 

THEATRES. — Many of the most prominent names 
of dramatic art belong to Baltimore, either by birth, 
adoption, or association. The Booths, the Clarkes, the 
Jeffersons are connected with Baltimore history. Stuart 
Robson is a Baltimorean, and his long associate, Crane, 
a Marylander. The Batemans, the Jordans, Shewell, 
H. C. Jarrett, Bishop, Verdi, the Polks, the Germons all 
belonged to Baltimore, and John E. Owens was closely 
identified with it. This histrionic glory centres about 
two theatres still in existence, and located upon the streets 
whose names they bear. 

A frame building, for theatrical purposes, was erected 
and opened as early as 1794, upon the site of the present 
Holliday Street Theatre. The first company in- 
cluded a daughter of Roger Kemble and the mother of 
Edgar Allen Poe. In 1811 the theatre was rebuilt and 
enlarged, and soon after, the Star Spangled Banner was 
first sung here by a member of the company. This fact 
gave the theatre a national reputation, and it became the 
resort of all the noted and foreign actors of the day. 
In 1848 Forrest played "Macbeth" at the Holliday, 



188 Guide to the Oity of Baltimore. 

while Macready played the same character at the Fronfl 
Street Theatre, and some years later Stuart Robson an- 
nounced his first benefit performance in his native city] 
It was here, also, that Charles Dickens lectured when in 
Baltimore. 

Front Street Theatre was built in 1829, and was 
for many years a leading theatre in the country. Among 
the events that mark its history are, the first appearance 
of John E. Owens, the first engagement of Edwin Booth 
as a star, the triumphs of Fanny Ellsler, and the appear- 
ance of Jenny Lind, who, in four contracts, made for 
Barnum some $60,000. Stephen A. Douglas was here 
nominated for the presidency in 18G0, and Lincoln for 
his second term in 1863. 



APPENDIX. 



ROUTES OF CITY PASSENGER 
RAILWAYS. 



BALTIMORE CITY PASSENGER RAILWAY. 

Cars start 5.40 A. M., and run till midnight. 

Madison Avenue and Broadway Line. — From Druid 
Hill Park, via Madison avenue, Kutaw and Baltimore 
streets, Broadway to Thames street. Return same route. 
Cars leave the station every four minutes. 

Pennsylvania Avenue and Canton Line. — From Penn- 
sylvania avenue and Cumberland street, via Pennsylvania 
avenue, Greene, Baltimore and Albemarle streets, Eastern 
and Central avenues, Bank street, Patterson Park avenue, 
Essex, Lancaster, Chesapeake, Elliott and Toone streets, 
to Second. Return via Toone, Clinton, Elliott, Chesa- 
peake, Lancaster and Essex streets, Patterson Park 
avenue, Bank street, Central avenue, Eastern avenue, 
High, Baltimore and Greene streets, Pennsylvania avenue 
to Cumberland street. Cars run at intervals of six 
minutes. 

Franklin Square Line. — From Baltimore street near 
Calverton road, via Baltimore and Gay streets, Belair 
avenue to North avenue. Return via Belair avenue, 
Gay, Chew, Ensor, Gay and Baltimore streets, to Cal- 
verton road. Cars leave station every four minutes from 
5.40 A. M. to midnight. 

191 



192 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

North and South Baltimore Line. — From St. Paul 
street and Sixth street (Huntingdon avenue), via St. Paul 
street, North avenue, Charles, Read, Calvert, Baltimore, 
Hanover, Montgomery and Light streets, to foot of 
Marshall avenue. Return via Marshall avenue, Light, 
Montgomery, Sharp, Baltimore, Calvert, Read and Charles 
streets, North avenue, St. Paul street to Sixth street 
(Huntingdon avenue). Cars leave south end 5.45 A. M. 
to 12.20 p. M. at intervals of five minutes. 

Baltimore and Hall Springs Line. — Cars leaves Darley 
Park every 9 minutes from 5.25 A. M. to 12.10 P. M., via 
Harford road, Central avenue, Madison, Aisquith, Fayette, 
Gay, Baltimore, Eutaw to Camden Station. Return via 
Eutaw, Baltimore, Aisquith, Madison, Central avenue, 
Harford road to Darley Park, connecting with cars for 
Homestead and Hall Springs every hour from 6 A. M. 
to 6.30 P. M. and Sundays 10 P. M. 

Orleans Street Line. — Cars leave Patterson Park avenue 
stables every ten minutes from 6 A. M. to 11.15 P. M., 
via Patterson Park avenue, Monument, Broadway, Or- 
leans, Aisquith, Fayette, Gay, Baltimore, Eutaw, to 
Madison avenue to Druid Hill Park. Return via 
Madison avenue, Eutaw, Baltimore, Aisquith, Orleans 
to Patterson Park avenue. 

BALTIMORE TRACTION COMPANY. 

Druid Hill Avenue (Cable) Line. — From Druid Hill 
Park via Druid Hill avenue, Paca, Fayette, Howard, 
Lombard, Exeter and Pratt to Patterson Park and 
return via Baltimore, Ann, Pratt, Exeter, Lombard, 



City Passenger Railways. 193 

South, North, Fayette, Paca and Druid Hill avenue to 
Druid Hill Park. 

First car leaves Druid Hill Park at 5.00 a. m. Last 
car at 12.00 midnight. Cars run at intervals of two 
aud three minutes. First car leaves Patterson Park 
5.35 A. M. Last car at 12.35 midnight. 

Gilmor Street [Cable) Line. — From Druid Hill Park 
via Fulton and Pennsylvania avenues, Cumberland, Gil- 
mor, Fayette, Howard and Lombard streets, to Exchange 
Place. Return via South, North, Fayette, Gilmor and 
Cumberland streets, Pennsylvania avenue, Retreat and 
Francis streets to Druid Hill Park. 

First car leaves Druid Hill Park at 5.30 A. m. Last 
car leaves 12.00 midnight. First car leaves Exchange 
Place at 6.00 A. m. Last car leaves 12.30 midnight. 
Cars run at intervals of two and three minutes. 

Carey Street [Electric) Line. — From Druid Hill Park via 
Fulton and Pennsylvania avenues, Cumberland, Gilmor 
and Mosher streets, Carrol lton avenue to Fayette street, 
where they will be attached to Gilmor street cable cars 
and run over the same route to Exchange Place and 
back to Carey street, thence via Carey street, Lafayette 
avenue, Strieker, Calhoun and Cumberland streets, Penn- 
sylvania avenue, Retreat and Francis streets to Druid 
Hill Park. 

First car leaves Druid Hill Park at 5.30 a. m. Last 
car leaves 12.00 midnight. First car leaves Exchange 
Place at 6.00 A. M. Last car leaves at 12.30 midnight. 
Cars run at intervals of four and six minutes. 

Paca Street [Horse) Line. — From Druid Hill Park 
attached to cable cars via Druid Hill avenue, Paca to 
13 



194 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

Fayette where they are attached to horses, and continue 
south ou Paca to Camden, Howard, Conway, Charles, 
Fort avenue to Fort McHenry, return by same route, 
and attached to cable cars corner Fayette and Paca, to 
Druid Hill Park. 

First car leaves Druid Hill Park at 5.00 A. M. Last 
car leaves 11.15 p. m. First car leaves Fort McHenry 
6.00 a.m. Last car leaves 12.15 midnight. Cars run 
at intervals of four and six minutes. 

Ridgely Street [Hor.se) Line. — From foot of Ridgely 
via Ridgely, Fremont, Paca, Camden, Howard, Conway, 
Charles, German, South, Exchange Place and Holliday 
to City Hall. Return via Fayette, North, South, Ger- 
man, Charles, Conway, Howard, Camden, Paca, Fremont 
and Ridgely to foot of Ridgely. 

First car leaves Ridgely at 6.15 A. M. Last car 
leaves 11.15 p. m. First car leaves City Hall 6.35 A. M. 
Last car 11.35 P. m. Cars run at intervals of six and 
eight minutes. 

Baltimore, Pimlico and Pikesvitte. — Cars leave Druid 
Hill avenue and Retreat street each hour from 6.00 A. M. 
to 7.00 P. M. Leave Pikesville half-past each hour from 
6.30 a. m. to 7.30 p. M. 

NORTH BALTIMORE PASSENGER RAIL- 
WAY COMPANY. 

Linden Avenue Line. — Cars marked " Boundary" from 
North avenue and Charles street avenue via McMechen 
street. Linden avenue, Howard, Lexington, Charles, 
German and South streets, Exchange Place, Holliday 
street to City Hall. Return via North, South, Ger- 



City Passenger Railways. 195 

man, Charles and Saratoga streets, Park avenue, Frank- 
lin, Howard and Richmond streets, Linden avenue, 
McMechen street, North avenue to Charles street 
avenue. 

Cars marked " Linden Avenue Extended," from North 
avenue via Linden avenue, Howard, Centre, Charles, 
German and South streets, Exchange Place, Holliday 
street to City Hall. Return via North, South, German, 
Charles, Centre, Howard and Richmond streets, Linden 
avenue, to North avenue. 

Maryland Avenue Line. — Cars marked " Camden and 
Union Stations" from Huntingdon avenue and York 
road, via Charles-street avenue, North and Maryland 
avenues, Biddle and Howard streets, to Camden station. 
Return same route. 

Cars marked " Waverly," from Waverly to Hunting- 
don avenue and St. Paul street, thence over same route 
as cars marked Camden and Union Stations. 

Edmondson Avenue Line. — Cars marked " Edmondson 
and Fulton Avenues," from Edmondson and Fulton 
avenues via Fremont avenue, Franklin, Howard, Lexing- 
ton, Charles, German and South streets, Exchange Place, 
Holliday street to City Hall. Return via North, South, 
German, Charles and Saratoga streets, Park avenue, 
Franklin street, Fremont and Edmondson avenues to 
Fulton avenue. 

Fremont Avenue Line. — Cars marked " Fremont street," 
from Linden avenue and North avenue via McMechen, 
Division, Mosher and Fremont avenue, to Baltimore 
street. Return same route. 



196 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

Centre and East Monument Street Line. — Cars marked 
"Calvert and Western Maryland Stations." From 
Franklin and Howard streets, via Howard, Centre, High, 
Hillen and East Monument streets, to Johns Hopkins 
Hospital. Return same route. 

Free transfers given at Howard and Franklin streets, 
Linden avenue and McMechen street, and Fremont and 
Edmondson avenues. 

For Calverton and Highland Park, cars leave Edmond- 
son avenue stables every half hour. 

HIGHLANDTOWN AND POINT BREEZE 
PASSENGER RAILWAY COMPANY. 

From Highlandtown, via Eastern avenue, Bond, 
Gough, Stiles, Pratt, South, Exchange Place, Holliday, 
Fayette, North, South. Return same route. Cars run 
at intervals of seven minutes. 

Transfer cars run from Gough and Eden streets along 
Eden to Lombard, Exeter, to Western Maryland Depot. 
Return same route. 

CENTRAL RAILWAY COMPANY. 

From Fulton Station, via Fulton avenue, Lanvale 
street, Myrtle avenue, Dolphin street, Argyle avenue, 
Biddle, Bolton, Preston, Caroline and Lancaster streets 
to Broadway Market. Return same route. Cars run at 
intervals of six minutes from 5.20 A. M. to 12.20 P. M. 

UNION PASSENGER RAILWAY COMPANY. 

Columbia Avenue and John Street Line. — From Wash- 
ington avenue, near Carey street, via Washington and 



City Passenger Railways. 197 

Columbia avenues, Park avenue, Paea, Camden, Howard 
and Liberty streets, Lafayette avenue and John street 
and North avenue to Madison avenue. Return same 
route. Cars run every five minutes. 

Maryland Avenue Line. — From Huntingdon avenue, 
near Oak street, via Maryland avenue, Biddle street, 
Park avenue, Liberty, Howard and Conway streets to 
Light street wharf. Return same route. Cars run 
every five minutes. 

Woodberry Line. — From Huntingdon avenue, near 
Oak street, to Woodberry. Return same route. 

Lombard Street Line. — From Pratt street and Frederick 
avenue, via Pratt, Gilmor, Lombard, Howard, Pratt, 
South, Exchange Place, Holliday and City Hall, Hillen, 
Forrest, Greenmount avenue, York road to Waverly. 
Connecting with cars to Govanstown and Towson. 
Return by same route to Fayette, North, South, Pratt, 
Howard, Lombard, Gilmor, Pratt to Frederick avenue. 
Connecting with cars for Catonsville every hour, and 
Loudon Park and Irvington every half hour. Cars run 
every four and five minutes. 

Leave Towson for Baltimore hourly from 6 A. M. to 
10 P. M. Leave Waverly for Govanstown every half 
hour from 6.30 a. M. to 11.30 p. M. Leave Govanstown 
for Waverly every half hour. Leave Waverly for 
Towson every hour and from Towson to Waverly every 
hour. Connect with cars from Waverly to Baltimore 
street, Pratt street, and Frederick road every five 
minutes. 



t98 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

BALTIMORE AND POWHATAN RAILWAY 

COMPANY. 

For Wetheredsville, Franklintown aud Powhatan, Cars 
leave North avenue and Liberty road a1 5, 6 and 11 a. m. 
2, I, 5, 6 and 7 p. m. Leave Powhatan al 6.30,7.30 
and 9.30 a. m., 12.30, 2.30, 3.30, 4.30 and 5.30 P. m. 



CAB RATES. 









The following tariff is established l>v the Board of 
Police ( tommissioners, and is enforced under penalty of 
heavy fines. 

FOR CABS OR ONE-HORSE HACKNEY CARRIAGES. 

STEAMBOATS AND RAILROAD STATIONS 

To or from any Steamboat or Railroad Station, (<» 
any hotel or private house within the' following described 
boundary : 

On the Bast — Broadway. 

On the Nobth — North Avenue, 

On the West — Pennsylvania Avenue to Fremont 

Street ; Fremont Street to Arling- 
ton Avenue; Arlington Avenue 
to Mount ( *lare Station. 

On the South — From Mount ('hue Station, Cross 

Street to the Harbor. 

7 A. M. II I'. M. 

to to 

II P. M. 7 A. M. 

For One Passenger * .25 f .50 

For each additional Passenger 25 .25 

L99 



200 Guide to the City of Baltimore. 

7 a. m: 11 P. M 

to to 

11 P. M. 7 A. M. 

For each additional mile or part thereof 
beyond the limits above described, 
15 cents per passenger may be 
charged. 

For each trunk, box or bag sufficiently 
large to be strapped on, 15 cents. 
No charge for small parcels or bag- 
gage taken in the carriage. 

CITY. 

To or from any point within the bound- 
ary given above : 

For One Passenger 25 .50 

For each additional Passenger 25 .25 

For each additional mile or part thereof 
beyond the limits above described, 
15 cents per passenger may be 
charged. 

TI IV! E. 

For One Hour 75 1.00 

For each additional Hour 50 .50 

When a Cab is called by telephone or 

otherwise and not taken off a stand, 

10 cents additional may be charged 

for such call. 



Cab Rates. 201 

FOR TWO-HORSE HACKNEY CARRIAGES. 

STEAMBOATS AND RAILROAD STATIONS. 

To or from any Steamboat or Railroad Station, to 

any hotel or private house within the above described 

boundary : 

7 A. M. 11 P. M. 

to to 

11 P. M. 7 A. M. 

For One Passenger $ .50 .75 

For each additional Passenger 25 .25 

For each additional mile or part thereof 
beyond the limits above described, 
25 cents per passenger may be 
charged. 

For each trunk, box or bag sufficiently 
large to be strapped on, 15 cents. 
No charge for small parcels or bag- 
gage taken in the carriage. 

CITY. 

To or from any point within the bound- 
ary given above : 

For One Passenger 75 1 .00 

For each additional Passenger 25 .25 

For each additional mile or part thereof 

beyond the limits above described, 

25 cents per passenger may be 

charged. 

TIME. 

For One Hour 1.50 2.00 

For each additional Hour 1.00 1.00 



202 



Guide to the City of Baltimore. 



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INDEX. 



A 

PAGE. 

Academy, Mt. De Sales 88 

" of Sciences 100 

" of the Visitation, 88 

Advantages, Commercial 58 

Manufacturing, 50 

Alms House 40 

Amusements 10 

Annapolis 14 

Arch i tect u re 160 

Armistead Monument 156 

Art Gallery, Peabody 93 

Art Gallery, Maryland His- 
torical Society 99 

Art Gallery, Walters' 94 

Asylums, Aged Ill 

" Insane 114 

Athenaeum Club 136 

B 

Baltimore & Lehigh R. R.... 53 
" "OhioR. R...49, 52 

" " " Building.. 164 

Club 133 

" Rifles 180 

" University 87 

Battle Monument 155 



PAGE. 

Bay View Asylum 40 

Bennett Hall 81 

Bicycle Clubs 143 

Blind Institute 41 

Boarding Houses 9 

Bryn Mawr School 88 

Buildings 160 

Business District 21 

c 

Cabs 8 

Cab Rates 199 

Calumet Club 142 

Canton 20 

Car Routes 191 

Cathedral 121 

Catholic Club 140 

Cemeteries 129 

Channel 63 

Charcoal Club 101 

Charities 106 

" Directory 106 

Charity Organization Soci- 
ety H6 

Churches 119 

" Baptist 124 

Catholic 120 

203 



204 



Guide to the City of Baltimore. 



PAGE. 

Churches, Jewish. 125 

" Lutheran 124 

Methodist 119 

" Presbyterian 123 

" Protestant 122 

Quaker 126 

City Government 28 

" Hall 29 

" Hospital Ill 

Clearing House 64 

Clifton 70 

Climate 20 

Clothing Trade 60 

Clubs 131 

" Art 101 

" Bicycle 143 

" College 143 

" Social . 131 

College, Dental 88 

" Loyola 85 

" Baltimore Medical, 87 

" of Pharmacy 88 

" Physicians & Sur- 
geons 86 

" Woman's... 79 

" Woman's Medical.. 87 

" Fraternities 143 

Commerce 48, 53 

Commercial Advantages 50 

" History 78 

Organizations ... 64 

" Statistics 202 

Copper Refining 61 

Corrections 40 

Cotton Duck 60 

Courthouses 37, 182 

Courts, City 36 

" Tax 28 



PAGE. 

Courts, U. S 44 

Curtis Bay 63 

Custom House 48 

D 

Deaf and Dumb 41 

Decorative Art Society 102 

Delinquents 41 

Depots 7 

Druid Hill Park 147 

E 

Eastern Shore 55 

Educational Institutions 65 

Emigrant Office 46 

Enoch Pratt Free Library... 103 

Equitable Building 160 

Eutaw Place 152 

Exchange Place 46 

Exchanges, Commercial 64 

Exports 55 

F 

Federal Hill 151 

Fell's Point 20 

Fertilizers 60 

Fire Department 30 

Fort Carroll 176 

" McHenry 174 

G 

Geology 19 

Germania Club 139 

" Maennerchor 144 

Goucher Hall 81 



Index. 



205 



PAGE. 

Government, City 28 

Greenmount Cemetery 129 

H 

Harbor 53 

Harlem Park 152 

Health Department 35 

Historic Objects 181 

History, Municipal 23 

" Commercial 57 

" Industrial 48 

Hospital, Johns Hopkins.... 107 

City 110 

Hospitals Ill 

Hotels 8 

Houses, Early 181 

I 

Imports 55 

Industries 57 

Inn Yards 184 

Insane Asylum, Maryland... 114 

" Mt.Hope... 115 

" " Sheppard... 115 

Institutions, Charitable 106 

" Educational 65 

" Municipal 28 

" Religious 126 

Penal 36 

Itineraries 11 

J 

Jail 38 

Johns Hopkins Hospital 106 

" " University... 69 

Johnson (Reverdy) Mansion, 182 



PAGE. 

Jones' Falls 20 

Journalists' Club 144 

L 

Lake Clifton 34 

" Druid 34 

" Montebello 34 

" Roland 34 

Lawyers' District 36 

Levering Hall 77 

Library, Bar 105 

Medical 105 

" Mercantile 105 

" Methodist 105 

" Odd Fellows 105 

" Peabody 92 

Pratt 103 

" St. Mary's 105 

" Whittingham 105 

Loch Raven 34 

Locust Point 173 

Loudon Cemetery 129 

M 

Manual Training Schools 66 

Manufactures 57 

Manufacturing Advantages... 58 

" Statistics 202 

Markets 168 

Maryland Club 131 

" Historical Society, 99 

" Institute....' 101 

Masonic Order 144 

McCoy Hall 77 

McDonogh School 85 

Medical Colleges 85 



206 



Guide to the City of Baltimore. 



IWOK. 

Meteorology 20 

Military Defences 174 

Militia 177 

Montebello Lake 34 

Monumental City 154 

Guards 180 

Monument, Armistead 156 

Battle 155 

Columbus 157 

" McComas 15G 

4< North Point..... 156 

Poe 158 

Ridgeley 159 

Wallace 158 

" Washington, 154, 158 

Wildey 157 

Morgue 35 

Mt. Hope Retreat 115 

Mt. Vernon Plaee 152 

Municipal Institutions 28 

N 

National Road 185 

Navassa Island 60 

Normal School 67 

Northern Central Railroad... 52 

Notre Dame 88 

O 

(\\d Follows 145 

Old Town 20 

OlWer Mansion 181 

Organizations, Commercial.., 177 
Orphan Asylum, Baltimore... 112 

German 113 

" " 8t, Vincent's 114 



PAOK. 

Orphan Asylum, Hebrew 114 

Oyster Packing 59 

P 

Park, Druid Hill 147 

" Federal Hill... 151 

" Harlem 152 

" Patterson 150 

" Riverside 151 

Peabody Institute 89 

Penal Institutions 36 

Penitentiary 39 

Phoenix Club 140 

Poe Monument 158 

Police Department 32 

Poor Association . 117 

Population 17 

Post-Office 42 

Pottery 62 

K 

Railroad, Balto. & Ohio 52 

" Balto. A Lehigh... 53 

" Northern Central.. 52 

" Western Maryland, 53 

Reformatories 41 

Regiment, Fifth 178 

Fourth 179 

Relief Associations 116 

Reservoirs 34 

Residence District 21 

Restaurants 9 

s 

St. Mary's Seminary 83 

St. Paul's Church 122 



Index. 



•207 



St. Paul's Rectory 182 

Salvage Corps 31 

Sanitarium, Wilson 113 

" (Jarrett 114 

School Board 29 

" Normal 67 

Schools, Public 66 

Sheppard Asylum L15 

Sciences, Academy of. 110 

Ship Building 62 

Situation of the City 17 

Societies, Scent 144 

Sparrow's Point 62 

Squares, Public 152 

Statistics, Commercial 55 

" Municipal 22 

" Industrial 62 

Social 17 

Steamships 53 

Street Car Routes 191 

Street Names 186 

Sub-treasury, U. S 46 

T 

Taney Mansion 181 

" Monument 152 

Tax Department 28 

" Exemption 59 

Temperature 20 

Theatres 10 

Historic 187 

Topography 18 



page. 
Trade 48 

" Advantages 50 

" Organizations 64 

u 

University, Baltimore 87 

" Johns Hopkins... 69 

" Maryland 68 

Club 138 

W 

Wallace Statue 168 

Walters' Art Gallery 95 

Water Front 59 

" Supply 33 

Wharves 172 

Woman's ( 'ollegc 87 

" Medical College... 79 

W. C. T. U 128 

Woodberry 64 

Y 

Young Men's Christian Asso- 
ciation 128 

Young Men's Hebrew Asso- 
ciation 129 

Young Women's Christian 
Association 128 

Young Men's Republican 
club 143 



INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 



PAGE. 

Albion Hotel 7 

Armstrong, Cator & Co 3'.'> 

Baltimore University, School of 

Medicine (The) 18 

Baltimore Medical College (The) 21 

Baltimore College of Dental Sur- 
gery (The) 22 

Baltimore Transfer Co 54 

Bartholomay Brewing Co 63 

Berry Brothers 49 

Birckhead, Lennox, & Co 27 

Border State Savings Bank 26 

Brehm, George 02 

Brown, Alex., & Sons Cover. 

Brush Electric Company (The) 53 

Burns, Russell & Co 45 

Carrollton Hotel 4 

College of Physicians and Surgeons. 17 

Columbian Iron Works (The) 35 

Cummins, Jas. S 61 

Dietz, Bernhard 41 

E. J. Codd Company 37 

Ellinghaus, F. W 59 

Ferguson, Wm., & Bro 43 

Fisher, Emil 58 

Fisher & Shaw 66 

Friends' Elementary and High 

School 23 

Garrett, Robert, & Sons 28 

Gibson & Kirk 59 

Gill, Wm. D., & Son 39 

Gymnasium School (The) 23 

Hetzell, John G., & Son 42 

Hirshberg, Hollander & Co 

Hotel Rennert 6 

Hotel Altamont 3 

Hurst, Purnell & Co 32 

Hutchinson Bros. 60 

Imperial Hotel 8 

James D. Mason Co. (The) 60 

Jenkins, Henry W., & Sons 48 

Johns Hopkins Press (The) 13 



PAGE. 

Kirkland, Bayly W 26 

Knabc, Wm., & Co 3 

Kramer, If. \V 61 

Leonbardt Wagon Mfg. Co 55 

Lerch Bros 55 

Loane, J. W 56 

Logan, Ctaas. W., & Co 58 

Loyola College 24 

Lynn & Wall 5 

Marshall's Restaurant 9 

Maryland Pavement Co. (The) 50 

Melvale Distilling Co 64 

Middendorf, Oliver & Co 30 

Mount de Sales Academy 15 

Mt. St. Joseph's College 25 

Murphy, John, & Co , 65 

Niemann, Henry 40 

Notre Dame of Maryland 16 

Olive Dairy.. 64 

Poole, Robert, & Son Co 36 

Radecke & Co 56 

Rittenhouse, N. M 44 

Roche, Geo. J., & Son 57 

Royal Blue Line 11 

Ryan & McDonald Mfg. Co 52 

Seemuller, Wm., & Co 51 

Seim, Henry, & Co.. 57 

Sheppard Isaac A., & Co 47 

Sisson, Hugh, & Sons ... 46 

Smith Premier Typewriter Co. (The) 25 

St. Catharine's Normal Institute 24 

St. James Hotel 7 

The Eutaw 10 

University of Maryland, School of 

Medicine 19 

University of Maryland, Dental De- 
partment 20 

Warfield, R. Emory 31 

Western Maryland Railroad 12 

Wilson, Colston & Co 29 

Woman's College of Baltimore (The) 14 

Young, Creighton & Diggs 34 






NOTE. 



Care has been taken to present in the following pages 
the representative industrial and institutional interests of 
Baltimore. 










GRAND, UPRIGHT AND SQUARE PIANOS. 



Verdict of the World's Greatest Pianists and Musicians. 

EUGEN D'ALBERT: From fullest conviction, I declare them to be the best 
Instruments of America. 

DR. HANS VON BULOW: Their sound and touch are more sympathetic to 
my ears and hands than all others of the country. I declare them the abso- 
lutely best in America. 

ALFRED GRUNFELD : I consider them the best Instruments of our times. 

P. TSCHAIKOVSKY : Combines with great volume of tone rare sympathetic and 
noble tone color and perfect action. 



WA.RE ROOMS: 
BALTIMORE: Nos. 22 & 24 East Baltimore Street. 
NEW YORK: No. 148 Fifth Avenue. 

WASHINGTON: No. 817 Pennsylvania Avenue. 




HIGHEST 



POINT. 



PRETTIEST 



LOCATION. 



ELEGANT, 

HOMELIKE. 



"■* CUISINE 



UNSURPASSED. 



On Eutaw Place. Handsomest Boulevard Healthiest mode of steam heat in the 

world, by which air is changed in rooms every twenty minutes. 

Beautiful Parlor on top of House, being a Sun Parlor and Reception room com- 
bined, overlooks the entire city and Chesapeake Bay. 

American Plan, $3.00 to $4.50 Per Day 

C. WARNER STORK, Proprietor. 



THK 



CARROLLTON HOTEL. 




BALTIMORE, LIGHT AND GERMAN STREETS, 

BALTIMORE, MD. 



AMERICAN JPLAJ\ r . 



The largest and leading Hotel in the city. With all 
modern improvements. The most central location. Access- 
ible to all parts of the city. All lines of city passenger cars 
pass its doors. 

JAMES P. SHANNON, 

MANAGER. 

Terms: $4.00, $3.00 and $'>.r><> Per Day. 



LYNN & WALL, 



ARLINGTON RACE TRACK, 



ARLINGTON, 



BALTIMORE COUNTY 



MARYLAND 



BOOKS MADE 

ON ALL RACING EVENTS 



HOTPX RENNERT. 




Liberty and Saratoga Streets, 



BALTIMORE. MD. 



EUROPEAN PLAN. 



ROBERT RENNERT. Proprietor. 



ST. JAMES HOTTER, 

EUROPEAN PLAN. 

Charles Street, Cor. Centre. 



The cuisine, service and general appointments of the 

St. James are first class in every particular. The situa- 
tion of the St. James in the most fashionable quarter of 
the city and within a lew moments' walk of all the prin- 
cipal points of interest and fashionable Clubs renders it 
particularly desirable for tourists or parties who desire a 
quiet fashionable home. 

GEO. F. ADAMS, 

Manager. 

Send for Illustrated Souvenir of Baltimore. 



THE ALBION HOTEL. 

AMERICAN PLAN. 
Cor. Cathedral and Read Sts. 



A first-class family Hotel, situated in the most fashion- 
able section of the city, within a few moments' walk of 
all the principal points of interest and fashionable Clubs. 

Special rates by the month or year to families or 
parties desiring a permanent home or winter residence. 

GEO. F. ADAMS, 

Manager. 

Send for Illustrated Souvenir of Baltimore. 

7 



THE IMPERIAL HOTEL, 

MONUMENT SQUARE, BALTIMORE, MD. 

AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLANS. 



Under the management of Charles Duffy & Co. (formerly 
of Philadelphia and Cape May), with John J. Shanfelter, 
resident manager, assisted by J. F. Wood Duffy. 

This hotel is conducted on both the European and 
American plans. First-class in every detail. Remodeled 
and newly fitted with all modern conveniences. Perfect 
sanitary arrangements. Electric lights. Steam heat. 
Electric call and return bell in each room. New platform 
fire-escapes. 

THE FINEST EQUIPPED HOTEL IN THE CITY. 

ROOMS ON EUROPEAN PLAN: AMERICAN PLAN: 

$1.0O Per Day, $2.50, $3.00, $3.50, $4.00 

Upwards. Per Day. 

Charles Duffy & Co. also manage The Park Hotel, the 
largest and most pleasantly located hotel in Williamsport, 
Pa., with Charles Duffy, Jr., as resident manager. Terms 
moderate. 



CHARLES DUFFY & CO., 

PROPRIETORS. 
[OF PARK HOTEL, WILLIAMSPORT, PA,] 



MARSHALL'S 



aft) and ladies' 1 estaurant, 



Dining Rooms lor Ladies and Gentlemen, 






OPEN UNTIL MIDNIGHT. 






THE LOSEKAM, 

1333 F Street, Northwest, 

Washington, D. C. 



THE MARSHALL, 

Cor. Calvert & German Sts., 

Baltimore, fid. 






THE EUTAW. 

SYLVAN US STOKES, Proprietor. 
Baltimore and Eutaw Streets, 

BALTIMORE, MD. 

Convenient to the shopping district and all places of 

amusement. 

Remodeled and Refurnished at a Cost of $75,000. 

AMKRICAN PLAN. 
Jidtes $2.50 to $4.50 Per Dai/. 



Hamburg American Packet Co. 

EXPRESS SERVICE. 

NEW YORK TO SOUTHAMPTON AND HAMBURG, 

ALSO 

NEW YORK TO GIBRALTAR, GENOA AND NAPLES. 

REGULAR SERVICE. 

NEW YORK TO HAMBURG DIRECT. 

HAMBURG BALTIMORE LINE. 

BALTIMORE TO HAMBURG DIRECT. 

Fop Tickets and information, apply to 

ARTHUR W. ROBSON, Baltimore Agent, 
133 East Baltimore Street. 

10 



ROYAL BLUE LINE, 



BETWEEN 



New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and 
Washington, via 

BALTIMORE & OHIO R. R. 

miEit. fib m ssfest nun: is he woo. 



The entire equipment is brand-new, and consists of the 
finest Baggage Cars, Coaches, Parlor, Sleeping and Dining 
Cars ever built by the Pullman Company. 

The Trains are vesti billed from end to end, and pro- 
tected by P nil man's improved 

ANTI=TELESCOPING DEVICE, 

AND OPERATED BY 

NEW PERFECTED SIGNAL BLOCK 

SYSTEM. 

ALL THE CARS IN ALL THE TRAINS ARE 

HEATED BY STEAM AND LIGHTED BY PINTSCH GAS. 

Ticket Offices : Camden Station and Corner Baltimore 

and Calvert Streets. 

11 



WESTERN MARYLAND RAILROAD 

THE POPULAR P E N = H A R ROUTE! 

ONLY DIRECT ROUTE BETWEEN BALTIMORE 

AND 

HAGERSTOWN, WILLIAMSPORT, 

CHAMBERSBURG, WAYNESBORO, SHIPPENSBURG, 

GETTYSBURG AND HANOVER. 

CONNECTING WITH 

Norfolk and Western and B. and 0. Railroads ai Hagerstown; Penna. R. R. at 
Hanover and Bruceville ; N. C Ry. at Hanover Junction; Cumberland 
Valley R. R. at Hagerstown, Chambersburg and Shippensburg; 
Philadelphia and Reading at Shippensburg and Gettys- 
burg ; B. and 0. R. R. at Cherry Run, W. Va., and 
P., W. and B., B. and P. and N. C. Rail- 
roads at Union Station, Baltimore. 



RELIABLE FREIGHT and PASSENGER ALL-RAIL LINE 

Between Baltimore and Harrisburg, Reading, Lebanon, Williamsport, Pa., and 

points on Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and connections; also 

Knoxville, Chattanooga, Memphis, Nashville, Atlanta, Mobile; New 

Orleans, and points on Norfolk and Western, East Tennessee, Virginia 

and Georgia and Memphis and Charleston Railroads, and all 

points South and Southwest; also Westminster, Frederick, 

Taneytown, Emmittsburg, Carlisle, Martinsburg, W. Va., 

and Winchester, Va. 

FREIGHT Received and Delivered in any quantity at 
Hillen Station, and in Car Loads at Fulton, Jack- 
son's Wharf and Canton. 



WRITE FOR OUR SPECIAL DESCRIPTIVE PUBLICATIONS: 

"Jaunts," "Sites for Homes," 'Gettysburg in War and in Peace." 
M Miin Free to any Address on Application. 

J. M. HOOD, Address, B. H. GR1SW0LD, 

General Manager. General Passenger Agent. 

BALTIMORE, MD. 

12 



THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS 

OR BALTIMORE. 



Journals, Etc, Issued by The Johns Hopkins Press, 

American Journal of Mathematics. 

American Chemk al Journal. 

American Journal of Phulology. 

Studies from the Biologicax Laroratory. 

Studies en History and Politics. 

Johns Hopkins LTniyersiti Circulars. 

Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin. 

Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports. 

Contributions to Assyriology, et< 

Selected Moephologk al Monogbapi 

Annual Report of the Johns Hopkins University. 

Annual Reg isi i-.it 01 the Johns Hopkins University. 



Rowland's Photograph oi the Normal Solar 

Spectrum. 
Description of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. 
The Oyster. By \V. K. , : 

w> and Studies B. L. Gilders 

Extra Volumes of the Studies iy Histori and 

POLITK -. 

The Teaching oi the Apostles. [ileediti 



MAPS OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 
Topographic Map oi Baltimore and Vicinity. 

This map embraces an area of over four hundred square miles, 
and shows the county as far north as the Worthington Yah- 
far ille, and as far south a-- Anna] tion. 

Pre- - 

Geological Map ot Baltimore and Vicinity. 

This I upon I _ map in col 

represent the rock formation* 

• A full price list of publications will be sent on 
application to The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore. 



I he \aJ orqaq s (LolleGre [e)<zil 1 1 rr>ore, 



JOHN I . GOUCHER, President. 



Offers full courses in 



CLASSICS, MODERN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE, 
ENGLISH LITERATURE, BIBLE, MATHEMATICS, CHEM- 
ISTRY, BIOLOGY, PHYSICS, HISTORY, POLITICAL ECON- 
OMY AND PHYSICAL TRAINING. 

Specialists in charge of cadi department. 

Besl facilities for combining with Academic 
studies, Art, Music, Elocution and Physical Train- 
ing. 

The Gymnasium is unsurpassed in equipment, 
and under the charge of an experienced Physician, 
assisted by graduates of the Royal Central Insti- 
tute of ( rymnastics of Stockholm. 

The Buildings for instruction and administra- 
tion and the Homes, contain all modern appliances 
conducive to comfort, convenience and health. 

PROURAJTS WILL BE SENT ON APPLICATION. 

Address 

THE WOMAN'S COLLEGE OF BALTIMORE. 



MOUNT DE SALES, 

ACADEMY OF THE VISITATION, 

CATONSVILLE, MD, 



This Institution, under the charge of the Sisters of the 
Visitation, is situated near Baltimore, and about one mile 
from Catonsville, and is unsurpassed for beauty of location 
and healthiness. It is surrounded by extensive grounds, a 
portion of which affords ample space for the sports and 
exercises of pupils; the remainder supplies the table with an 
abundance of fresh vegetables of all kinds in their season, 
and also suffices to provide for winter use. 



AN EXPERIENCED CORPS OF TEACHERS, 

Who keep up with the progress of the present time, direct a 
course of study which entitles the Sisters to claim justly for 
their Academy a position second to none in the country. 



THE SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT 

Is furnished with a fine apparatus of the most improved and 

recent make. 

THE ART ROOM 

Is presided over by Sisters who devoted themselves for years 
to cultivate their talent in the conservatories of New York, 
Boston and Baltimore, and study is rendered attractive to 
pupils by the method pursued. The success which has at- 
tended the efforts of those conducting the Music Class is 
well known, and it has obtained for them a Mattering repu- 
tation. 

TERMS. 

BOARD, TUITION, WASHING, MENDING, &c, &c, $250 PER ANNUM. 
MUSIC AND ART EXTRA. 

15 



NOTRE DAME OF MARYLAND 



Collegiate Institute 



FOR YOUNG LADIES 



A. N D 



PREPARATORY SCHOOL FOR LITTLE GIRLS. 



CONDUCTED BY THE SCHOOL SISTERS 
OF NOTRE DAME. 



Embla P. O., near Baltimore, Md 



u> 



College of Physicians and Surgeons 

BALTIMORE, MD. 



FACULTY. 



ABRAM B. ARNOLD, M. D., Emeritus 
Professor of Clinical Medicine. 

THOMAS OPIE, M. D., Professor of Gyne- 
cology and Dean of the Facultv. 

THOMAS S. LATIMER, M. D., Professor 
of Principles and Practice of Medicine and 
Clinical Medicine. 

AARON FRIEDENWALD, M. D., Pro- 
fessor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear. 

CHARLES F. BE VAN, M. D., Professor of 
Principles and Practice of Surgery and 
Clinical Surgery. 

WM. SIMON, Ph. D., M. D., Professor of 
Chemistry. 



GEORGE H. ROHE, M. D., Professor of 
Materia Medico, Therapeutics, Hygiene 
and Mental Diseases. 

J. W. CHAMBERS, M. D., Professor of 
Anatomy and Clinical Surgery. 

GEORGE J. PRESTON, A. B., M. D., 
Professor of Physiology, and Diseases of 
the Nervous System. 

N. G. KEIRLE, A. M., M. D., Professor of 
Pathology and Medical Jurisprudence. 

L. E. NEALE, M. D., Lecturer on Obstetrics. 

R. B. WINDER, M. D., D. D. S., Professor 
of Principles and Practice of Dental Sur- 
gery as Applied to Medicine. 



The Regular Winter Session begins October 1st ends April 1st and is one of 
three annual sessions required for graduation. 

The student of medicine is given unsurpassed clinical advantages at this school. 

The New College Building. The Faculty lakes pride in announcing that 
the New College Building is complete in all its appointments. 

The New City Hospital is a magnificent structure, with a capacity of 300 beds, 
situated in the centre of the city. Its position enables it to command most of the 
accident cases occurring in Baltimore. The Faculty have the exclusive medical 
control of it. A systematic course of bedside instruction is given in the wards. 

The Maryland Lying-in Asylum, established by this school in 1874, was the pio- 
neer institution of its kind in this State. It furnishes each student with bedside 
instruction and experience. 

The Maryland Woman's Hospital has been merged into and forms an important 
part of the New Baltimore City Hospital. 

The New Colored Hospital. The building formerly known as the Woman's Hos- 
pital has been torn down and a handsome new structure is now open for the recep- 
tion of patients. It is the first hospital ever established in the State of Maryland 
exclusively for the colored race. 

Bay View, the Almshouse of Baltimore, which contains 1200 beds, has been thrown 
open for the clinical instruction of students of this school. A Resident Physician 
for the Medical and Surgical Departments is annually appointed at this institution, 
with a salary of $500 and board, from the College of Physicians and Surgeons. 
An Assistant Resident Physician is also appointed from this school for Bay View. 

The City Hospital Dispensary, organized over twenty years ago, has become wide- 
spread in its influence, and adds largely to the clinical attractions of the school. 

Frequent post-mortem examinations are made before the whole class, and the 
medico-legal bearings of cases are fully discussed. 

Attendance upon the demonstrations in the Physiological, Chemical and Patho- 
logical Laboratories is required of every student. 

The Anatomical rooms are spacious and airy, and dissecting material abundant. 

A Resident Physician and three Assistant Resident Physicians for the City Hos- 

Sital a Resident Physician for the Maternity Hospital and one for the Colored 
[ospital are appointed annually from the graduating class as awards of merit. 
A limited number of students will be admitted as residents in the hospital. 

All students who enter this school hereafter, will be subject to a preliminary 
examination. 

For full information, Address, 

THOMAS OPIE, M. D., Dean, N.W, Cor. Calvert and Saratoga Sts. 

17 



The Baltimore University 

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. 



FACULTY 



JAMES G. LINTHICUM, M. D., 1327 
W. Fayette Street, Professor of Prin- 
ciples and Practice of Medicine. 

ZEPHANIAH K. WILEY, M. D., 724 
N. Carey Street, Professor of Anat- 
omy and Clinical Surgery. 

HAMPSON H. BIEDLER, M. D., 
119 VV. Saratoga Street, Professor 
of Principles and Practice of Sur- 
gery. 

LOUIS C. HORN, M. D., 697 W. Mul- 
berry Street, Professor of Diseases of 
Children and Dermatology. 

J. W. C. CUDDY, A. M., M. D., 506 N. 
Carrollton Ave., Professor of Materia 



Medica and Therapeutics, and Clini- 
cal Medicine. 

E MILLER REID, M. D., 904 N. Fre- 
mont Ave., Professor of Diseases of 
the Nervous System and Diseases of 
the Throat and Chest. 

EMANUEL W. EILAU, M. D. (Dean) 
1523 E. Baltimore Street, Professor of 
Physiology, Hygiene and Pathology. 

HERBERT HARLAN, A. M , M. D., 

317 N. Charles Street, Professor of 
Opthalmology and Otology. 

CHARLES GREENE, M. D., 1 S. 
Broadway, Lecturer on Chemistry, 
Toxicology and Microscopy. 



The regular course of Lectures in this institution 
begin October 1st, and continue six months. 

The Course of Instruction is thoroughly Systematic 
and Practical. Students have the amplest opportunities 
to receive instruction in medical, surgical, gynecological 
and obstetrical clinics. 

For Catalogue and further information, address 
E. W. EILAU, M. E>„ Dean, 



1523 E. Baltimore Street. 



is 



University of Maryland 

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, 

N. E. Corner of Lombard and Greene Streets, Baltimore, Md. 



The Eighty-Fourth Annual Course of Lectures in this Institution will commence 
on October 1, 1892. 

FACULTY. 



SAMUEL C. CHEW, M. D., Professor of 
Principles and Practice of Medicine 
and Clinical Medicine. 

WILLIAM T. HOWARD, M. D., Pro- 
fessor of Diseases of Women and 
Children, and Clinical Medicine. 

JULIAN J. CHISOLM.M.D., Professor 
of Eye and Ear Diseases. 

FRANCIS T. MILES, M. D., Professor 
of Physiology, and Clinical Profes-or 
of Diseases of Nervous System. 

L. McLANE TIFFANY, M. D., Pro- 
fessor of Surgery. 

J. EDWIN MICHAEL, M. D., Professor 
of Obstetrics. 

I. EDMONDSON ATKINSON, M. D., 
Professor of Materia Medica and 
Therapeutics, Clinical Medicine and 
Dermatology. 

J. HOLMES SMITH, M. D., 



R. DORSEY COALE, Ph.D., Prof, 
of chemistry and Toxicology. 

RANDOLPH WINSLOW, M. D., Pro- 
fessor of Anatomy and Clinical Sur- 
gery. 

JOHN N. MACKKNZIE, M. D., Clini- 
cal Professor of Diseases of the Throat 
and : 

FEBD. J. 8. GOfiGAS, M. D., D. D. S., 
Professor of Principles of Dental 
Science, Dental Surgery and Dental 
Mechanism 

JAMES H. HARRIS. M. D., D. I 
Professor of Operative and Clinical 
Dentistry. 

CHARLES W. MITCHELL, M. D., 
Lecturer on Pathol' gy. 

JOSEPH T. SMITH, M. D., Lecturer on 
Medical Jurisprudence and Hygiene. 
Demonstrator of Anatomy. 



The Eighty-Seventh Annual Session of the University 

of Maryland will begin on the 4th day of October, 189.*>, 
and end in April, 1894. The Laboratories are fitted up 
with modern appliance-. Special attention is paid to per- 
sona] instruction in Medicine and Surgery. Each student 
before graduation has personal instruction in Obstetrics. 

For further information, apply to 

Dr. I. E. ATKINSON, Dean, 

605 Cathedral Street. 

19 









UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. 

DENTAL DEPARTMENT. 
N. E. Corner of Lombard and Greene Streets, BALTIMORE, MD, 



HON. SEVERN TEACKLE WALLIS, LL. D., Provost. 



FACULTY. 

FERDINAND J. S. Qokgas, M. D., D. D. S., Professor of Principles of Dental Science and 

Dental Surgery and Mechanism. 
James H. Harris, M. D., D. 1>. S., Professor of Operative and Clinical Dentistry. 

rg T. MILES, M. D., Professor of Physiology. 
L. McLane TlPFANT, 1M. D., Clinical Professor of Oral Surgery. 
Randolph Winslow, M. 1)., Professor of Anatomy. 
R. DORSET COALE, Ph. 1).. Professor of Chemistry and Metallurgy. 
I. EdMONDSON Atkinson, M. !>.. Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 
John C. Uhler, M. I)., D. D. S., Demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry. 

II. DAVIS, M. D., D. D. S., Demonstrator of Operative Dentistry. 
.1. II. Smith, M. D., and R. B. Warfield, M. D., Demonstrators of Anatomy. 

The principal Demonstrators are assisted by sixteen Assistant Demonstrators. 

The instruction in both operative and mechanical dentistry is as thorough as it is possible 
to make it, and embraces everything pertaining to dental art. The advantages which the 
genera) and oral surgical clinics, to which the dental students are admitted (as indeed to all 
the lectures tl if y affords), cannot be overestimated. The many thousands of patients 

i >- treated in the University Hospital, and other sources, afford an abundance of ma- 
terial for the dental infirmary and laboratory practice, and the oral surgery clinics. 

The Dental Infirmary and Laboratory building is one of the largest and most complete 
structures of the kind "in the world. The Infirmary is lighted by.sixty-five large windows, 
and is furnished with the latest improved operating chairs. 

The Dental Infirmary and Laboratory are open daily (except Sundays) during the entire 
year for ion of patients, and the practice for dental students has increased to such 

an extent that all the students during the past session have had an abundance of practical 
work in both operative and prosthetic dentistry. This means for practical instruction has 
already assumed such large proportions that the supply has been beyond the needs of the large 
classes in attendance during the past sessions. 

Qualifications for Graduation: The candidate must have attended three full courses 
of lectures of five months each in different years at the Regular ox winter sessions in this 
institution. As equivalent to one of these, one course in any reputable dental college will be 
accepted. Graduates of medicine can enter the Junior class. The matriculant must have a 
good English education; a diploma from a reputable literary institution, or other evidence 
of literary qualifications will be received instead of a preliminary examination. All students, 
both juniors and seniors, have equal advantage in operative and mechanical dentistry in this 
institution throughout every session. 

Graduation in Medicine: Graduates of the Dental Department of the University of 
Maryland are required to attend but one session at the University School of Medicine prior to 
presenting themselves as candidates for the degree of " Doctor of Medicine." (See catalogue). 

The Regular or Winteh Session will begin on the first day of October, of each year, and 
will terminate in the following March. 

The Summer SESSION for practical instruction, will commence in March and continue until 
"the regular session begins. Students in attendance on the summer session will have the ad- 
vantage of all the daily Surgical and Medical Clinics of the University. 

fees for the Regular Session are If 100 ; Demonstrators' fees included; Matriculation 
fee, $5; I Hploma fee, for candidates for graduation, $30; Dissecting ticket, §10. 

For Summer Session, no charge to those who attend the following Winter Session. 

I',i n EI mi \ky; A beneficiary student will be received from each State, on the recommenda- 
tion of the State Dental Society, on the payment of half of the tuition fees. Board can be 
obtained at from $3.50 to $5 per week, according to quality. 

The University prize and a number of other prizes will be specified in the annual cata-logue. 

Students desiring information and the annual catalogue will be careful to give f'lll address 
and direct their letters to 

F\ J. S. GORGAS, M. D., TO. D. S., 

Dean of the Dental Department of the University of Maryland, 

845 N. Eutaw Street, Baltimore, Md. 

20 



The Baltimore Medical College. 



The Annual Course of Lectures begins October 1st. 



FACULTY. 



CHARLES G. HILL, M. D., Professor of 
Nervous and Mental Diseases. 

ROBERT H. P. ELLIS, M. D., Professor «f 
Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

WILMER BRINTON, M. D., Professor of 
Obstetrics. 

A. C. POLE, M. D., Professor of Anatomy. 

DAVID STREET, M. D., Professor of Prin- 
ciples and Practice of Medicine and Clini- 
cal Medicine. 

J. D. BLAKE, M.D., Professor of Physiology 
and Operative and Clinical Surgery. 

S. K. MERRICK, M. D., Professor of Dis- 
eases of the Nose, Throat and Chest. 

GEORGE REULING, M. D., Professor of 
Diseases of the Eye and Ear. 

T. A. ASHBY, M. D., Professor of Diseases 
of Women. 

ROBERT W. JOHNSON. M. D., Professor 
of Principles and Practice of Surgery. 

W.B.D.PENNIMAN,Lectureron Chemistry. 



WM. T. HOWARD, Jr., M. JJ., Patholo- 
gist. 

DANIEL L. BRINTON, L. L. B., Lecturer 
on Medical Jurisprudence. 

A. K. BONO, A. B., M. D., Lecturer on 
Diseases of Children. 

J. WEBB FOSTER, Ph. G., Lecturer on 
Pharmacy. 

J. G. WILTSHIRE, M. D., Lecturer on 
Topographical Anatomy and Syndes- 
mology. 

T. M. LUMPKIN, M. D., Demonstrator of 
Minor Surgery and Bandaging, and As- 
sistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. 

J. FRANK CROUCH, M. O., Demonstrator 
of Obstetrics. 

E. D. ELLIS. M. D., Instructor in Materia 
Medica an tics. 

R B. WARFIELD, M. D., Demonstrator of 
Anatomy. 

WIRT A. DUVALL, M. D., Prosector. 



This College is a member of the National Association of Medical Colleges. 

The Preliminary Fall Coursk begins September 1st, continues one month, 
and is gratis to all students. 

The Regular Winter Course begins October 1st, and is the only one counted 
as one of the regular courses required for graduation. 

It has always been the aim of the Faculty of this School to provide for students, 
opportunities for obtaining a practical medical education. We endeavor, there- 
fore, to have laboratory and clinical work keep pace with the didactic instructions. 

The wards of the Maryland General Hospital, which is owned and controlled by 
this College, are filled witn patients suffering from almost every form of disease 
and injury, furnishing a large clinic of medical and surgical cases. 

Each student is required to complete the course in Anatomical, Chemical, Histo- 
logical and Pathological Laboratories; each candidate for graduation is required 
to pursue a course of practical hospital instruction. 

The Lying-in Department, thoroughly equipped, furnishes clinics in midwifery, 
throughout the year, every student witnessing cases ol labor and becoming well 
versed in practical obstetrics. The Gynaecological Department furnishes a large 
clinic on Diseases of Women. The Eye and Ear Department is well arranged for 
clinical teaching, and yields abundant material for practical instruction of students 
on diseases of the eye and ear. 

The Baltimore Medical College Dispensary furnishes an out-door clinic of thous- 
ands of patients annually. Our clinical facilities are excelled by none. 

Our New College Building is ready for reception of students. It is located on 
Madison Street, corner of Linden Avenue; it is five stories high and contains a 
large lecture hall and modern amphitheatre, each with a seating capacity of 500 
students; Faculty room, Dean's office, large Dispensary and drug room on first 
floor, large Anatomical, Chemical. Histological and Pathological Laboratories. It 
is one of the most convenient and typical medical college buildings in the United 
States. 

For further particulars, send for Catalogue, and address 

DAVID STREET, M. D., Dean, 

403 N. Exeter Street, Baltimore, Md. 
21 



THE 



Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, 

Chartered by the Legislature of Maryland in 1839. 
THE OLDEST DENTAL COLLEGE IN THE WORLD. 



FACULTY. 



RICHARD B. WINDER, M. D., D. D. 

S., Professor of Dental Surgery and 

Operative Dentistry. 
M. WHILLDIN FOSTER, M. D., D. 

D. S., Professor of Therapeutics and 

Pathology. 
WM. B. FINNEY, D. D.S., Professor of 

Dental Mechanism and Metallurgy. 
B. HOLLY SMITH, M. D., D. D. S., 

Professor of Special Anatomy and 

Dental Materia Medica. 



D., Pro- 



THOMAS S. LATIMER, M. 
fessor of Physiology. 

WILLIAM SIMON, M. D., Ph. D., Pro- 
fessor of Chemistry. 

CHARLES F. BEVAN, M.D., Clinical 

• Professor of Oral Surgery. 

J. W. CHAMBERS, M. D., Professor of 
Anatomy. 

GEORGE H. ROHE, M. D., Professor 
of Materia Medica. 



DEMONSTRATORS. 
R. BAYLY WINDER, Jr., Phar. G., D. D. S., Demonstrator of Operative Dentistry^ 
W. G. FOSTER, D. D. 3., Demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry. 

ASSISTANT DEMONSTRATORS. 
GEORGE E. HARDY, M D., D. D. S. G. MARSHALL SMITH, D. D. S. 



The Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, the first, and for many years the only 
dental school, offers facilities for the study of dentistry proper such as age and 
experience only can give. Its immense museum, complete apparatus, large and 
well-arranged building, and carefully studied curriculum, give to its students great 
advantages and opportunities, both theoretical and practical, while its age gives its 
diploma a dignity far out-ranking all other colleges — a diploma honorably repre- 
sented in all civilized countries, and held by the most distinguished members of 
the dental profession. 

The fact that dentistry must be practically taught is fully recognized, the College 
Infirmary, a most complete, large and handsome hall, being daily filled with clean 
and respectable patients, of a class nearly equal to those of the average dentist. 
The Infirmary is open all the year, students paying an entrance fee, which is 
deducted from those of the regular succeeding course. 

The session begins October 1, closing in March. A large corps of demonstrators, 
always present, put in actual practice the teachings of all lecturers in dentistry — 
leaving nothing undeuionst rated. All methods are fully taught, all appliances and 
apparatus used ; the making of instruments and the most elaborate gold and con- 
tinuous gum work, and all the cases arising in ordinary practice, with many which 
are rarely seen, carefully demonstrated. 

The College has formed an alliance with the College of Physicians and Surgeons 
by which its students are privileged to attend all lectures and clinics. The patients 
of this medical school numbered last year over 40,000 

TERMS OF GRADUATION.— Attendance on three winter courses of lec- 
tures in this College ; as equivalent to one of these we accept one course in any 
reputable dental college. Graduates in Medicine can enter the Junior class. 

BENEFICIARY STUDENTS— Each State Dental Society is privileged to 
send one Beneficiary Student to this College at one-half the regular fees. This has 
been for some years an established feature of this College. 

FEES.— Matriculation (paid once only ), $5 00. Tuition fees, $100.00. Diploma 
fee,$3).00. Dissecting fee, $10.00. 

Students corresponding with the Dean will please be careful to give full address, 
and direct their letters to 

Prof. R. B. WINDER, Dean, No. 716 Park Ave., Baltimore, Md. 



The Gymnasium School. 

FOR BOYS AND YOUNG MEN. 
608 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore, Md. 

Opposite Johns Hopkins University. 



Prepares for College, University, and for Business. 

Primary, Collegiate and Commercial Classes. 

Modeled after the German Gymnasium, the recognized standard 
I of the preparatory school. Gymnastics under a competent instructor. 

E. DEICHMANN, Principal. 

L. W. WILHELM, Vice-Principal. 



Friends' Elementary and High School 

McCulloh & Preston Sts., Baltimore, Md. 



FOR BOTH SEXES AND EVERY GRADE OF STUDENTS. 

ELI M. LAMB, Principal. 



This institution offers special inducements to all who have children 
to be educated. It is the only Co-educational School for Pupils of all 
Grades in the City of Baltimore. It affords the best physical, mental 
and moral training, and fits for any college. This fact is well estab- 
lished by the large number who, from it, have been admitted to Johns 
Hopkins University, in which they have attained a high rank among 
the most successful students thereof. 

It employs Professional teachers for all its various departments, 
which are well equipped with apparatus for illustrating the subjects 
taught. 

PLEASE SEND FOR A CATALOGUE. 
23 



LOYOLA COLLEGE, 

Calvert and Madison Streets. 



Under the direction of the Fathers of the 
Society of Jesus. 



The Collegiate Year commences on the First Tuesday 
in September. For terms apply to 

Rev. JOHN A. MORGAN, S. J., President. 



St. Catharine's Normal Institute, 

BALTIMORE, MIX 



Directed by the Sisters of the Holy Cross. 



The great object of this institution, established under the imme- 
diate auspices of the Most Rev. Archbishop Bayley, will be to select 
and train those who show a disposition and fitness for the office to 
become teachers in Catholic and public schools. The course of 
instruction will be thorough in Keligion, English Branches, the 
Languages, Drawing, Needlework, Vocal and Instrumental Music. 
Particular attention paid to the training of organists and teachers of 
Catholic choirs. 

To make efficient teachers by giving this two-fold instruction, i. e., 
the necessary knowledge and the best method of imparting it, will be 
the aim of St. < atharine's Normal Institute. 

For detailed information apply for prospectus to 

Sister Superior, St. Catharine's Normal Institute, 

Cor. Harlem and ArUngton Aves., Baltimore. 

24 



MT. ST. JOSEPH'S COLLEGE, 

FREDERICK ROAD, BALTIMORE. 

I CONDUCTED BY THE XAVERIAN BROTHERS. 

There are three com udy, the Classical, Scientific and Com- 

mercial, besides an Elementary School for small boys. 

Terms — Payable in Adva 

Entrance fee $ 5 00 

Tuition and board per session of five months 110 00 

Tuition and music per session of five months 20 00 

Use of Piano per session of five months 5 00 

Day students from $15 to 30 00 

For further information, add: 

BROTHER JOSEPH, Director, 

Carroll Station, Baltimore. 



The Smith Premier Typewriter Co. 

116 St. Paul St. (Law Building] 

BALTIMORE, >XI>. 

Cabinets, Letter Files, Mimeographs, 

AND ALL KINDS OF 

Typewriter Supplies on hand. 

H. E. PERRY, Manager. 

Principal Office and Factory, Syracuse, N. Y., L. 5. A. 

25 



Anokk^ 3 i'. b. Dblanby, T 

INCORPORATED 1874. 

Border gtate gavings Banl^ 

OPEN FROM 9 A. M. TO 2 P. M. 
N, W. Cor. Fayette Street and Park Are.. 

BALTIMORE, 1VID. 



Amounts of $1.00 and upwards received ou deposit, and interest 
allowed. Your deposits respectfully solicited. 



DIRECTORS: 



John J. Payne, - Gosnell, J. J. McKewen, 

Lawrence Cloake, Andrew J. Conlon, Wm. McLaughlin, 

James McCom C. B. DeUiuey, T. H. Hanson, 

Anthony Daih U. L. Spicer, M. 1>. Wm. F. Wheatley. 



BAYLY K. KIRKLAND, 

ivil Engineer and iurvegor, 

Office, No. 100 E. Lexington St. 
BALTIMOBE, MB. 



Estimates and specifications furnished for all kinds of 
Engineering work. Special attention given to the division 
and development of suburban property, the sanitary 
drainage of country places, and the laying- out and con- 
struction of roads. 






Lennox Birckiiijad & Co. 
Real Estate Brokers 



Rooms 2 and 4, Law Building, 



BALTIMOEE. 



Buy, Sell and Lease Real Estate on Commission. 



LOANS NEGOTIATE!). 



Collections Promptly made and Estates carefully attended to. 

27 





& 




No. ii South Street, 



BALTIMORE. 



Issue KILLS OP EXCHANGE and COMMERCIAL CREDITS 



AND 



Negotiate Hallway and other Loans. 



Buy and Sell Stocks, Bonds, Receive Deposits and Transact 
a General Banking Business. 



28 



William Wilson &. Sons, Established 1802. 
Wilson, Colston & Co., " 1867. 






Jame8G. Wilson. Frederick M. Colston. William B.Wilson. 

WILSON, COLSTON & CO. 

(Me.mbeps Baltimore Stc 

BANKERS, 

216 EAST BAL 

BALTIMOR] 



Investment and juritie 

ecialty. and wi j an died. 

nal facility in all 

ck bhern B 

Loans on C d. 

d infon fun. on 

application, and Correspond 1. 



J. Wm. Middendorf. William B. Oliver. 

IIDDENDORF, OLIVER & CO. 

(MEMBERS BALTIMORE STOCK EXCHANGE), 

Bankers & Brokers, 

KEYS©! BUHDIWG, 

No. 213 E. German Street, 
Baltimore, Md. 



Dealers in Municipal and other bonds for 
sate investment. 

Orders executed at the various Stock Ex- 
changes. Foreign Exchange a specialty. 

Drafts drawn on Great Britain and the 
Continent, and Travellers' and Commercial 
Credit furnished. 

30 



"WE HOLD THEE HA1 1. 

R. Emoi \Y. ?ield 

;mi 

If 4 

Roval (Fire) Insurance Co. 

I 

F LIVE 

Roval Building: 217 E« Baltimore St.. 
BALTT D. 



1 
1 

TELEPHO'- E E 



JOHN E. HURST. LITTLETON B. PURNELL. WM. B. HURST. 

LLOYD L. JACKSON. WM. E. CLARKE. 






ESTABLISHED 1831. 



Hurst, Purnell & Co. 

IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 

Dry Goods, Notions, and White Goods. 

HOPKINS PLACE, 
Cor, Sharp, German, and Liberty Sts,, 

B ALTIMORE, M I> . 



Prompt and careful attention given to all business 
entrusted to us directly or through our representatives 
on the road. 



32 




-llx ,, 




& 



IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 



NOTIONS, WHITE GOODS, 



SILK GOODS and MILLINERY. 



9 and n W. B.UTIMORE ST., 



BALTIMORE 



Alexunder Young. 
Miller R. Creighton 
J. Ross Diggs. 



Qoanor, 

Creiorf)ton # 
& Diggs 

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 



BOOTS 



0Hl.. -and 



SHOES, 



SOUTHEAST CORNER 



HOPKINS PLACE & GERMAN ST., 



BALTI MORE. 

34 



The Columbian Iron Works and Drv Dock Co. 



OF BALTIMORE CITY. MD. 



SHIP AND ENGINE 



BUILDERS. 




STEEL ASh IRON STEA3Z8HIPS* 



Impound and t-iple e 



DRY Lj(j(,K 450 Y\AA YS LENGTH, 



ROBRKT POOLE & M CO, 

ENGINEERS, FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 

W s?a™n? v BALTIMORE, MD. 



rOWEIt TRANSMISSION MACHINERY, 

SHAFTING, COLLARS, BEARINGS, 

PULLEYS, COUPLINGS, BRACKETS, 

BANGERS, PEDESTALS, SHEAVES. 



MACHINE MOLDED -> PLANED 

GEARING 

OF ALL KINDS. 

THE POOLE-LEFFEL TURBINE WATER-WHEEL 

STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS. 
DRIVING PLANT FOB CABLE RAILWAYS, 



MACHINERY FOR FLOUR 

MILLS, GRAIN BLEVATORSj WHITE LEAD 

WORKS, FERTILIZER FACTORIES, ROLLING MILLS. 



CATALOGUES AND CORRESPONDENCE 

ESTIMATES FURNISHED. SOLICITED. 

FACILITIES FUR THE HEAVIEST WORK. 



].. .1. CODD, President. I. VV. MOHLER, Jr., Secretary and Trea urei 

E. J. CODD COMPANY, 

Foundry, Machine and Boiler Works, 

700 to 708 South Caroline Street, 
BALTIMORE, M />. 



BUILDERS O IF* 

Stationary and Marine Boilers, Stills, Tanks, Agitators, Kettles, &c. 

Stationary and Marine Engines, Fertilizing Mills. 

Steam Dredges, Tug Boats, etc. 

PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO STEAMSHIP. 
MILL AND OTHER REPAIRS. 

PIP£ FITTING. 

IRON AND BRASS CASTINGS MADE TO ORDER. 



Sole Proprietors of Barthell Patent Grate. 

S7 



Hirsliberg, Hollander & Co., 

Manufacturers, Importers and Wholesale Dealers 

Paints, Oils, Varnishes, 

Glues, Window Glass, 
Brushes, &c. 



PAINTERS' AND ARTISTS' SUPPLIES. 



WHOLESALE DEPARTHENT: 

106, 108, no WEST PRATT STREET. 

ARTISTS' DEPARTHENT: 

28 WEST LEXINGTON STREET. 

RETAIL PAINT AND OIL DEPARTHENT: 

S. E. COR. PRATT & HANOVER STREET. 

FACTORY : 

COR. E. FALLS AVE. & GRANBY ST. 

S8 



WM. D. GILL & SON, 



WHOLESALE and RETAIL 



LUMBER DEALERS 



GEORGIA PINE TIMBER 



A SPECIALTY 



YARD 

& /:'. Car* President & Alie&mna Sta 

TIMBER WHAR1 
Phiijjfjt. near Will street* 




HENRY NIEMANN, CHURCH ORGAN 

561 & 563 E. Monument Street, Baltimore, Md. 



BERNHARD DIETZ, 

GRANT & MERCER STREETS, BALTIMORE, MD. 



MANUFACTURER OF 



PRINTERS' ROLLERS 



AND 



ROLLER COMPOSITION 



SOLID, SMOOTH ROLLERS. 

My composition is made from the best material that 
can be produced. It is tough and elastic, and melts and 
pours easily ; needs very little or no seasoning ; keeps an 
even, splendid and clinging suction ; has the least possible 
shrinkage, and all those who have used it pronounce it a 
first-class article in every respect. 



cast any kind of Rollers promptly, and cast every day. 



Send diameter of mould, with letter of advice when ordering. 

41 



Telephone No. 1131, 



JOHN G. HETZELL & SON, 

METALLIC 

looting and Spouting, 

Copper and Galvanized Iron Cumins, &c, 

MADE ACCORDING TO ARCHITECTS' DRAWING8. 

Also Hayes' Patent Ventilating Fire-Proof Skylights, 
Conservatories, and other Glazed Structures, 
Ventilators and Chimney Caps, Corrugated 
Iron Roofing, Siding and Ceilings, and 
Dealers in Tin Plate, Zinc, Galvan- 
ized Iron, etc. 

ROOFS PAINTED. 

ALL WORK WARRANTED. 



No. 225 North Howard Street, 



BALTIMORE. 

42 



TELEPHONE CALL, NO. 2375 



WM. FERGUSON & BRO., 

CARPENTERS; ««■> BUILDERS 

NO. 214 CLAY STREET, 

Between Park and Howard Streets, 

BALTIMORE. 



REFERENCES 



)N C. GOTT, ) 

V Architects. 
E Archkk, J 



Baldwin & Pennington, Jackson 

J. A. & W. F. Wilson, George 

Joseph H. Rieman. 

J. Hall Pleasants, Chairman Building Committee, Johns Hopkins University. 

Henry James, President Citizens' National Bank. 

J. A. Tompkins, Treasurer Thomas Wilson Sanitarium. 

Central Presbyterian Thurch, Eutaw Place. 

Lafayette Square Presbyterian Church. 

Faith Church, Biddle Street and Broadway. 

Boundary Avenue Church, Boundary Avenue and St. Paul Street. 

Biological Building, Chemical Building, ") Johns Hopkins University 

Physical Laboratory, Gymnasium, j Buildings. 

Commercial and Farmers' National Bank, 

Farmers' and Merchants' Bank, Central Savings Bank, 

Bryn Mawr School, Baltimore Sugar Rkfinkry. 

Fidelity &. Deposit Company, St. Agnes' Hospital. 

a 



N. M. RlTTENHOUSE, 






MANUFACTURER OF 



Vitrified Drain and Sewer Pipe 

WITH CONNECTIONS, 
FIRE CLAY CHIMNEY PIPE, 

Stove l!rick Linings, Fire Brick, Fire Clay, Etc., Etc. 

YARD, FOOT OF CROSS STREET, 

Next to EllicoiCs Furnace. 



^CI^BllSriED 1848 





MAN(Jr/\CTU^EF\Or 

tBMsa 



M 

N^f\ITTENHDU5E|ropneloi 



officer 



<2 ■sigjs^ 



BALTIMORE. MD 




T of Cf^ gg 



My Vitrified Silica Glazed Pipe received the highest award at the 
Centennial Exhibition, 1876, for strength and durability, under the 
personal supervision of Gen'l Q. A. Gilmore, of the U. S. Engineers, 
detailed by the U. S. Government to superintend all Hydrostatic and 
Acid tests. Vitrified Silica Glazed Pipe are as durable and as im- 
perishable as glass, indestructible by the action of acids, weather or 
other causes, and will last for centuries. 

My Fire-Clay Chimney Pipe is made of the best selected fire-clays, 
and is not aflected by the sudden changes in the temperature, nor by 
frost or heat. This pipe is safer from fire than brick flues, as it is 
made of pure fire-clay, which is a perfect non-conductor of heat. 
This pipe should not be taken for sewer pipe. 

My Fire-Brick Cupola Lining, Tiles and Stove Lining is so well 
known that very little need be said, as wherever it has been used, has 
given satisfaction. 

44 



ESTABLISHED 1818. 



BURNS, RUSSELL & CO 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



Fine Pressed and Moulded Bricks, 



Architectural and Decorative Terra Cotta. 



CLAY ROOFING TILES. 



Office, 535 Columbia Ave., 



BALTIMORE, MD. 

45 



HUGH SISSON & SONS, 



BALTIMORE, MD. 



ft 



Monuments, Tombs, 

Cemetery Curbing, Tiles, 
Fonts, Altars, Tablets, 
riantels and Plumber Slabs. 



OUR SPECIALTY 



> 

DO 

r 



FANCY MARBLE FACINGS, 



WAINSCOTING FOB VESTIBULES, 
BATH BOOMS AND HALLS, 



ALSO STALLS FOR URINALS. 



-u\ 






HEAT YOUR HOUSE WITH ONE FIRE ! 

IT IS EASILY DONE, IF YOU HAVE THE 

PARAGON FURNACE 

Fireplace Stoves are out of date — crude 
and occasioning discomfort, they have 
been discarded. Steam and hot-water 
heating are too costly, and expensive to 
keep in repair. 

A good hot-air furnace fills the require- 
ments of modern house-heating more 
satisfactorily than any other appliance. 
There are many furnaces that are not good. 
Our furnace book, " Hints About Heat- 
ing,"' will tell you how to judge of what 
is good in this line. 



HAVE YOU A GOOD RANGE? 

If not, you do not yet know what true 
home comfort is. The " FIDELITY 
RANGES," and many others of our 
manufacture, lack nothing of what is need- 
ful for perfect cooking. 

Our pamphlet, " Some Things We 
Want You to Know," will give you full 
particulars. 

Mailed free upon application. 





ISAAC A. SHEPPARD & CO. 



Eastern Avenue & Chester St., Baltimore, Md. 

established 1859. 

Largest Manufactory of Stoves Furnaces and Ranges 
in the Southern States. 

47 



ESTABLISH ED 1798 



HENRY W.JENKINS A SONS, 

CABINET MAKERS Jl UPHOLSTERERS, 

310 N. CHARLES and 14 W. SARATOGA STS., 

BALTIMORE. MD. 



MANUFACTURERS AND DESIGNERS OF 

ARTISTIC FURNITURE. 

CHURCH. BANK AND OFFICE WORK MADE TO ORDER. 



UPHOLSTERY DEPARTMENT. 

SUPERB ASSORTMENT OF FABRICS FOR 

FURNITURE, CURTAINS and WALL HANGINGS. 



LACE CURTAINS IN EVERY VARIETY. 
BRAES AND IRDN BEDSTEADS 

DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED. 



HENRY W. JENKINS A SONS. 



ESTABLISHED 1858. 



BERRY BROTHERS, 

22 East Lombard Street, 
BALTIMORE, MD. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

COACH, CAR, FURNITURE AND HOUSE PAINTERS' 




JAPANS AND LIQUID DRYERS. 

ORIGINATORS AND SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF 

Oenuine Hard Oil Finish, 

"White," "Light," "Walnut" and "Ebony." 

[Shellacs in all Colors, 

Made from Grain or Wood Alcohol. 

Black Varnishes of Every Variety, 

Self Drying or Baking. 

Carriage Varnishes, 

Unsurpassed in Durability and Finish. 

Elastic Outside Varnish, 

The Best Article manufactured, for Doors, Store Fronts, etc. 

ithe Largest Varnish Factory in the World. All Goods Guaranteed, 

CAUTION. 

In order to insure your getting Genuine goods, ask for Berry 
Brothers', and insist on either seeing the labels on the can or the 
")rand on the barrel. We ask this for your, as well as for our pro- 
tection, and if you obtain the genuine, we will guarantee the result*. 

Factory, Detroit, Mich. 





BRANCH STORES. 




NEW YORK. 


CHICAGO. 


BOSTON. 


CINCINNATI. 


PHILADELPHIA. 
SAN FRANCISCO. 
4» 


ST. LOUIS 



(OMPKKSSKI) ASPHALT 



BLOCK AND TILE 



PAVEMENTS. 



The M ar y lan{1 Pavement Co. 



Equitable Building, 



BALTIMORE Ml). 



« THE © 



mm electric conrnm 



OF BALTIHORH CITY, 



EAL t L D I ] 






UJI 



ARC LIGHTING. 



INCANDESCENCE LIGHTING 



ELECTRIC POWER. 





PASSENGER, 



BAGGAGE AND FREIGHT, 



205 E. Baltimore Street. 



Tally-Ho's, Busses and Park Phaetons for Parties. 

Baggage Transferred to and from all parts of the 

City. 

Freight of every description handled with despatch. 

Special facilities for handling Safes and heavy 
Machinery. 



M 



LERCH BROS., 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



addlerg, Harness, |ollars, |g. 



Nos. 7, 9, and n, E. Pratt St., 



BALTIMORE. 



LE01ARDT WAGON MF'G CO. 

BUILDERS OF 

Omnibuses, Fancy Delivery, Express, Patent 
Goal Wagons and Trucks 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
LARGE STOCK ALWAYS ON HAND. 



416 to 420 E. Saratoga Street. 



5fi 



J. W. LOANS, 



■MimrricTDHis- 



O 

< 



** 




AWNINGS 



15 N. Gay Street, 



lift (tun ore, Md. 



RADECKE & CO., 




All 



Noh. 18 St jo Uo( Lellen St., near i'jky«i t«- St., Baltimore, Md. 
onUr$ promptly IS02-8. 



ti 



HENRY SKIM & CO. 

Ma 

WINDOW GLASS, 

POLISHED* ROUGH PLATE GL 
pi 

— 

CHURCHES, BANKS, OFFICES, 
DWELLINl Jj PUBLIC BUILDINC 

I J A LT I >J O It I 






GEO. J. ROCHE & 

HOUSE, 

Fre i and Sign Paint 
l 



22 




DRY CLEANSING AND DYEING, 

216 WEST FAYETTE STREET, 
„ , H T;"' t BALTIMORE. 

Hmoard ana Park Avenue, 



Ladies' and gentlemen's garments cleaned and dyed without ripping. 
Household goods of every description cleaned. 
Blanket and Curtain cleansing a specialty. 
Goods sent by Mail or Express, and full information and price list* fur- 
nished upon application. 



CHAS. W. LOGAN & CO., 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



Chas. W. Logan's Choice Flavoring 
Extracts, Proprietary Prepara- 
tions and Specialties. 

No. 112 NORTH LIBERTY STREET, 

(Formerly 314 W. Baltimore Street,) 

BALTIMORE. MD. 

58 



C. T. GIBSON, S. E. KIRK. 

GIBSON & KIRK, 

Lock Manufacturers^ Bell Hangers. 

Brass Locks and all kinds of Brass Work for Ships. 
Electric Bells ; Speaking- Tubes ; Brass Railings. 

Ornamental Brass Work for Banks, Offices, &c. 

No. 45 CHEAPSIDE, 
BALTIMORE, MI). 



F. W. ELLINGHAUS, 



MERCHANT TAILOR, 



205 WEST FAYETTE STREET, 



(3rd Door West of Park Ave.) 



BALTIMORE, MD 



Jamjm P. Mason, President. 



Saii'l G. Mason, K<««-/Yfc»Mfe»w. 



THE 



JAMES D. MASON CO. 



STEAM 



CRACKER BAKERY, 

Nos. 17 and 19 East Pratt Street, 
BALTIMORE, MB. 

Opposite rialtby House. 



HUTCHINSON BROS. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Steel Plate French Cooking Ranges, 



Entire Kitchen Apparatus. 



URNS, 
COFFEE, TEA, 
CARVING TABLES, 

SAUCE PANS, &c, 




STEEL 
PLATE 

FURNACES. 



CELEBRATED 



400 STEEL RANGE & BROILER. 

Factory, Light and German Streets, Baltimore. 

SHOW ROOMS: 14 Light Street, Baltimore; 1420 Penna. Ave., Washington, D. C 

60 



DnMOLOMT Drewekt (a. 

ROCHESTER, N. Y. 




BALTIMORE BRANCH. 

OFFICE AND DEPOT: 

227-239 South Central Ave. 

218-220 South Eden Street. 



GEO. C. SUCRO, 



Telephone 1060. 



Manager. 



63 



MELVALE DISTILLING CO. 

MELVALE STATION, BALTIMORE CO., MD. 




Office: 45 S. Gay Street, Baltimore, Md. 

F. A. BOYD EN, New York Agent, 45 Beaver St. 



OLIVE DAIET. 



ESTABLISHED 1866 



The well-known reputation of this Dairy is a guarantee 

that nothing but a 

STRICTLY PURE ARTICLE OF MILK' 

Will be delivered to its patrons. All persons wishing 
to be served can give their orders to our 
drivers or send them to the office, * 

No. 1029 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. 



•<»t < 



